The Centre for Internet and Society
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Report on CIS' Workshop at the IGF:'An Evidence Based Framework for Intermediary Liability'
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/report-on-cis-workshop-at-igf
<b>An evidence based framework for intermediary liability' was organised to present evidence and discuss ongoing research on the changing definition, function and responsibilities of intermediaries across jurisdictions.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The discussion from the workshop will contribute to a comprehensible framework for liability, consistent with the capacity of the intermediary and with international human-rights standards.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Electronic Frontier Foundation (USA), Article 19 (UK) and Centre for Internet and Society (India) have come together towards the development of best practices and principles related to the regulation of online content through intermediaries. The nine principles are: Transparency, Consistency, Clarity, Mindful Community Policy Making, Necessity and Proportionality in Content Restrictions, Privacy, Access to Remedy, Accountability, and Due Process in both Legal and Private Enforcement. The workshop discussion will contribute to a comprehensible framework for liability that is consistent with the capacity of the intermediary and with international human-rights standards. The session was hosted by Centre for Internet and Society (India) and Centre for Internet and Society, Stanford (USA) and attended by 7 speakers and 40 participants.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Jeremy Malcolm, Senior Global Policy Analyst EFF kicked off the workshop highlighting the need to develop a liability framework for intermediaries that is derived out of an understanding of their different functions, their role within the economy and their impact on human rights. He went on to structure the discussion which would follow to focus on ongoing projects and examples that highlight central issues related to gathering and presenting evidence to inform the policy space.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Martin Husovec from the International Max Planck Research School for Competition and Innovation, began his presentation, tracking the development of safe harbour frameworks within social contract theory. Opining that safe harbour was created as a balancing mechanism between a return of investments of the right holders and public interest for Internet as a public space, he introduced emerging claims that technological advancement have altered this equilibrium. Citing injunctions and private lawsuits as instruments, often used against law abiding intermediaries, he pointed to the problem within existing liability frameoworks, where even intermediaries, who diligently deal with illegitimate content on their services, can be still subject to a forced cooperation to the benefit of right holders. He added that for liability frameworks to be effective, they must keep pace with advances in technology and are fair to right holders and the public interest.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">He also pointed that in any liability framework because the ‘law’ that prescribes an interference, must be always sufficiently clear and foreseeable, as to both the meaning and nature of the applicable measures, so it sufficiently outlines the scope and manner of exercise of the power of interference in the exercise of the rights guaranteed. He illustrated this with the example of the German Federal Supreme Court attempts with Wi-Fi policy-making in 2010. He also raised issues of costs of uncertainty in seeking courts as the only means to balance rights as they often, do not have the necessary information. Similarly, society also does not benefit from open ended accountability of intermediaries and called for a balanced approach to regulation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The need for consistency in liability regimes across jurisdictions, was raised by Giancarlo Frosio, Intermediary Liability Fellow at Stanford's Centre for Internet and Society. He introduced the World Intermediary Liability Map, a project mapping legislation and case law across 70 countries towards creating a repository of information that informs policymaking and helps create accountability. Highlighting key takeaways from his research, he stressed the necessity of having clear definitions in the field of intermediary liability and the need to develop taxonomy of issues to deepen our understanding of the issues at stake towards an understanding of type of liability appropriate for a particular jurisdiction.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Nicolo Zingales, Assistant Professor of Law at Tilburg University highlighted the need for due process and safeguards for human rights and called for more user involvement in systems that are in place in different countries to respond to requests of takedown. Presenting his research findings, he pointed to the imbalance in the way notice and takedown regimes are structured, where content is taken down presumptively, but the possibility of restoring user content is provided only at a subsequent stage or not at all in many cases. He cited several examples of enhancing user participation in liability mechanisms including notice and notice, strict litigation sanction inferring the knowledge that the content might have been legal and shifting the presumption in favor of the users and the reverse notice and takedown procedure. He also raised the important question, if multistakeholder cooperation is sufficient or adequate to enable the users to have a say and enter as part of the social construct in this space? Reminding the participants of the failure of the multistakeholder agreement process regarding the cost for the filters in the UK, that would be imposed according to judicial procedure, he called for strengthening our efforts to enable users to get more involved in protecting their rights online.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Gabrielle Guillemin from Article 19 presented her research on the types of intermediaries and models of liability in place across jurisdictions. Pointing to the problems associated with intermediaries having to monitor content and determine legality of content, she called for procedural safeguards and stressed the need to place the dispute back in the hands of users and content owners and the person who has written the content rather than the intermediary. She goes on to provide some useful and practically-grounded solutions to strengthen existing takedown mechanisms including, adding details to the notices, introducing fees in order to extend the number of claims that are made and defining procedure regards criminal content.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Elonnai Hickok introduced CIS' research to the UNESCO report Fostering Freedom Online: the Role of Internet Intermediaries, comparing a range of liability models in different stages of development and provisions across jurisdictions. She argued for a liability framework that tackles procedural and regulatory uncertainty, lack of due process, lack of remedy and varying content criteria.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Francisco Vera, Advocacy Director, Derechos Digitales from Chile raised issues related to mindful community policy-making expounding on Chile's implementation of intermediary liability obligation with the USA, the introduction of judicial oversight under Chilean legislation which led to US objection to Chile on grounds of not fulfilling their standards in terms of Internet property protection. He highlighted the tensions that arise in balancing the needs of the multiple communities and interests engaged over common resources and stressed the need for evidence in policy-making to balance the needs of rights holders and public interest. He stressed the need for evidence to inform policy-making and ensure it keeps pace with technological developments citing the example of the ongoing Transpacific Partnership Agreement negotiations that call for exporting provisions DMCA provisions to 11 countries even though there is no evidence of the success of the system for public interest. He concluded by cautioning against the development of frameworks that are or have the potential to be used as anti-competitive mechanisms that curtail innovation and therby do not serve public interest.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Malcolm Hutty associated with the European Internet Service Providers Association, Chair of the Intermediary Reliability Committee and London Internet Exchange brought in the intermediaries' perspective into the discussion. He argued for challenging the link between liability and forced cooperation, understated the problems arising from distinction without a difference and incentives built in within existing regimes. He raised issues arising from the expectancy on the part of those engaged in pre-emptive regulation of unwanted or undesirable content for intermediaries to automate content. Pointing to the increasing impact of intermediaries in our lives he underscored how exposing vast areas of people's lives to regulatory enforce, which enhances power of the state to implement public policy in the public interest and expect it to be executed, can have both positive and negative implications on issues such as privacy and freedom of expression.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">He called out practices in regulatory regimes that focus on one size fits all solutions such as seeking automating filters on a massive scale and instead called for context and content specific solutions, that factor the commercial imperatives of intermediaries. He also addressed the economic consequences of liability frameworks to the industry including cost effectiveness of balancing rights, barriers to investments that arise in heavily regulated or new types of online services that are likely to be the targeted for specific enforcement measures and the long term costs of adapting old enforcement mechanisms that apply, while networks need to be updated to extend services to users.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The workshop presented evidence of a variety of approaches and the issues that arise in applying those approaches to impose liability on intermediaries. Two choices emerged towards developing frameworks for enforcing responsibility on intermediaries. We could either rely on a traditional approach, essentially court-based and off-line mechanisms for regulating behaviour and disputes. The downside of this is it will be slow and costly to the public purse. In particular, we will lose a great deal of the opportunity to extend regulation much more deeply into people's lives so as to implement the public interest.<br /><br />Alternatively, we could rely on intermediaries to develop and automate systems to control our online behaviour. While this approach does not suffer from efficiency problems of the earlier approach it does lack, both in terms of hindering the developments of the Information Society, and potentially yielding up many of the traditionally expected protections under a free and liberal society. The right approach lies somewhere in the middle and development of International Principles for Intermediary Liability, announced at the end of the workshop, is a step closer to the developing a balanced framework for liability.</p>
<hr />
<p>See the <a class="external-link" href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/174-igf-2014/transcripts/1968-2014-09-03-ws206-an-evidence-based-liability-policy-framework-room-5">transcript on IGF website</a>.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/report-on-cis-workshop-at-igf'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/report-on-cis-workshop-at-igf</a>
</p>
No publisherjyotiPrivacyFreedom of Speech and ExpressionInternet Governance ForumInternet GovernanceIntermediary Liability2014-09-24T10:47:30ZBlog EntryCIS@IGF 2014
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-at-igf-2014
<b>The ninth Internet Governance Forum (“IGF2014”) was hosted by Turkey in Istanbul from September 2 to 5, 2014.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">A BestBits pre-event, which saw robust discussions on renewal of the IGF mandate, the NETmundial Initiative and other live Internet governance processes, flagged off a week of many meetings and sessions. At IGF2014, the ICANN-led processes of IANA transition and ICANN accountability found strong presence. Human rights online, access and net neutrality were also widely discussed. Centre for Internet and Society, India participated in multiple workshops and panels.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Workshops and Panel Discussions</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS206: An evidence-based framework for intermediary liability</b><br />CIS organized a workshop on developing an evidence-based framework for intermediary liability in collaboration with the Stanford Center for Internet and Society. By connecting information producers and consumers, intermediaries serve as valuable tool for growth and innovation, and also a medium for realisation of human rights. The workshop looked to a concerted approach to understanding intermediaries’ impact on human rights demands our urgent attention. Jyoti Panday of CIS was contributed to the workshop’s background paper and organisation. Elonnai Hickok of CIS was a speaker. At this workshop, a zero-draft of international principles for intermediary liability was released. The zero-draft is the interim outcome of an ongoing, global intermediary liability project, undertaken by CIS in collaboration with Article 19 and Electronic Frontier Foundation. See the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpBYbwBBHBQ">video</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS112: Implications of post-Snowden Internet localization proposals</b><br />Organised by ISOC and Center for Democracy and Technology, this panel questioned the distinctions between Internet-harmful and Internet-beneficial Internet and data localization. As a speaker at this workshop, Sunil Abraham of CIS identified state imperatives for Internet localization, such as taxation, network efficiency and security. See <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nu3GycFBLoo">video</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS63: Preserving a universal Internet: Costs of fragmentation<br /></b>Internet and Jurisdiction Project organized this workshop to explore potential harms to Internet architecture, universality and openness as a result of Internet balkanisation. Sunil Abraham was one of the speakers.<b></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS2: Mobile, trust and privacy</b><br />Organised by GSMA, this panel discussed methods, benefits and harms of use of mobile transaction generated information and data. Sunil Abraham was a speaker. See <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwtQ18KzeiY">video</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS188: Transparency reporting as a tool for Internet governance</b><br />This GNI workshop examined transparency reporting by Internet intermediaries and companies, and sought to identify its strengths and shortcomings as a tool for Internet governance. Pranesh Prakash of CIS was a speaker. See <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us4BW1Sw4Vo">video</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>WS149: Aligning ICANN policy with the privacy rights of users<br /></b>This Yale ISP panel examined ICANN’s obligations for data protection, in light of international standards and best practices. This discussion is particularly relevant as ICANN’s WHOIS policy, Registrar Accreditation Agreement, and other policies have attained the status of a global standard for the handling of personal data. Pranesh Prakash moderated this panel.<b></b></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Other Participation</h3>
<p><b>Launch of the GISWatch Report<br /></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Association for Progressive Communications (APC) and the Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (Hivos) released the Global Information Society Watch Report (<i>GISWatch</i>) on national and global mass surveillance. The report “<i>explores the surveillance of citizens in today's digital age by governments with the complicity of institutions and corporations</i>”. Elonnai Hickok of CIS contributed a thematic chapter on Intermediary Liability and Surveillance to this report.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-at-igf-2014'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-at-igf-2014</a>
</p>
No publishergeethaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2014-10-08T10:31:47ZBlog EntryImplications of post-Snowden Internet localization proposals
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/igf-2014-session-post-snowden-localisation
<b>The Ninth Annual Internet Governance Forum (IGF) Meeting will be held in Istanbul, Turkey on 2-5 September 2014. The venue of the meeting is Lütfi Kirdar International Convention and Exhibition Center (ICEC).</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Sunil Abraham will be speaking <a class="external-link" href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/wks2014/index.php/proposal/view_public_duplicate/112">in this workshop</a> organized by Internet Society and Center for Democracy and Technology at the IGF.</p>
<hr />
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Following the 2013-2014 disclosures of large-scale pervasive surveillance of Internet traffic, various proposals to "localize" Internet users' data and change the path that Internet traffic would take have started to emerge.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Examples include mandatory storage of citizens' data within country, mandatory location of servers within country (e.g. Google, Facebook), launching state-run services (e.g. email services), restricted transborder Internet traffic routes, investment in alternate backbone infrastructure (e.g. submarine cables, IXPs), etc.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Localization of data and traffic routing strategies can be powerful tools for improving Internet experience for end-users, especially when done in response to Internet development needs. On the other hand, done uniquely in response to external factors (e.g. foreign surveillance), less optimal choices may be made in reactive moves.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">How can we judge between Internet-useful versus Internet-harmful localisation and traffic routing approaches? What are the promises of data localization from the personal, community and business perspectives? What are the potential drawbacks? What are implications for innovation, user choice and the availability of online services in the global economy? What impact might they have on a global and interoperable Internet? What impact (if any) might these proposals have on user trust and expectations of privacy?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The objective of the session is to gather diverse perspectives and experiences to better understand the technical, social and economic implications of these proposals.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Name(s) and stakeholder and organizational affiliation(s) of institutional co-organizer(s)</h3>
<p><b>Organizer:</b><br />Nicolas Seidler, Policy advisor<br /> Technical community<br /> Internet Society<br /><b>Co-organizer:</b><br />Matthew Shears<br /> Civil society<br /> Center for Democracy and Technology</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Names and affiliations (stakeholder group, organization) of speakers the proposer is planning to invite</h3>
<ol>
<li>Mr. Chris Riley, Senior Policy Engineer, Mozilla Corporation, Private sector (CONFIRMED)</li>
<li>Mr. Jari Arkko, Chair of the Internet Engineering Task Force, Technical community (CONFIRMED)</li>
<li>Mr. Christian Kaufmann, Director Network Architecture at Akamai Technologies, Private sector (CONFIRMED)</li>
<li>Ms. Emma Llanso, Director of Free Expression Project, Center for Democracy and Technology, Civil Society (CONFIRMED)</li>
<li>Mr. Sunil Abraham, Executive Director, Center for Internet and Society, India, Civil Society (CONFIRMED)</li>
<li>Mr. Thomas Schneider, Deputy head of international affairs, Swiss Federal Office of Communication (OFCOM), Government (CONFIRMED)</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="title">Name of Moderator(s)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Nicolas Seidler, Policy advisor, Internet Society</li>
</ul>
<h3>Name of Remote Moderator(s)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Konstantinos Komaitis </li>
</ul>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/igf-2014-session-post-snowden-localisation'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/igf-2014-session-post-snowden-localisation</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2014-07-03T07:09:25ZNews ItemAn Evidence based Intermediary Liability Policy Framework: Workshop at IGF
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/igf-workshop-an-evidence-based-intermediary-liability-policy-framework
<b>CIS is organising a workshop at the Internet Governance Forum 2014. The workshop will be an opportunity to present and discuss ongoing research on the changing definition of intermediaries and their responsibilities across jurisdictions and technologies and contribute to a comprehensible framework for liability that is consistent with the capacity of the intermediary and with international human-rights standards.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The Centre for Internet and Society, India and Centre for Internet and Society, Stanford Law School, USA, will be organising a workshop to analyse the role of intermediary platforms in relation to freedom of expression, freedom of information and freedom of association at the Internet Governance Forum 2014. <span>The aim of the workshop is to highlight the increasing importance of digital rights and broad legal protections of stakeholders in an increasingly knowledge-based economy. The workshop will discuss public policy issues associated with Internet intermediaries, in particular their roles, legal responsibilities and related liability limitations in context of the evolving nature and role of intermediaries in the Internet ecosystem. distinct</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Online Intermediaries: Setting the context</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The Internet has facilitated unprecedented access to information and amplified avenues for expression and engagement by removing the limits of geographic boundaries and enabling diverse sources of information and online communities to coexist. Against the backdrop of a broadening base of users, the role of intermediaries that enable economic, social and political interactions between users in a global networked communication is ubiquitous. Intermediaries are essential to the functioning of the Internet as many producers and consumers of content on the internet rely on the action of some third party–the so called intermediary. Such intermediation ranges from the mere provision of connectivity, to more advanced services such as providing online storage spaces for data, acting as platforms for storage and sharing of user generated content (UGC), or platforms that provides links to other internet content.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Online intermediaries enhance economic activity by reducing costs, inducing competition by lowering the barriers for participation in the knowledge economy and fuelling innovation through their contribution to the wider ICT sector as well as through their key role in operating and maintaining Internet infrastructure to meet the network capacity demands of new applications and of an expanding base of users.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Intermediary platforms also provide social benefits, by empowering users and improving choice through social and participative networks, or web services that enable creativity and collaboration amongst individuals. By enabling platforms for self-expression and cooperation, intermediaries also play a critical role in establishing digital trust, protection of human rights such as freedom of speech and expression, privacy and upholding fundamental values such as freedom and democracy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">However, the economic and social benefits of online intermediaries are conditional to a framework for protection of intermediaries against legal liability for the communication and distribution of content which they enable.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Intermediary Liability</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Over the last decade, right holders, service providers and Internet users have been locked in a debate on the potential liability of online intermediaries. The debate has raised global concerns on issues such as, the extent to which Internet intermediaries should be held responsible for content produced by third parties using their Internet infrastructure and how the resultant liability would affect online innovation and the free flow of knowledge in the information economy?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Given the impact of their services on communications, intermediaries find themselves as either directly liable for their actions, or indirectly (or “secondarily”) liable for the actions of their users. Requiring intermediaries to monitor the legality of the online content poses an insurmountable task. Even if monitoring the legality of content by intermediaries against all applicable legislations were possible, the costs of doing so would be prohibitively high. Therefore, placing liability on intermediaries can deter their willingness and ability to provide services, hindering the development of the internet itself.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Economics of intermediaries are dependent on scale and evaluating the legality of an individual post exceeds the profit from hosting the speech, and in the absence of judicial oversight can lead to a private censorship regime. Intermediaries that are liable for content or face legal exposure, have powerful incentives, to police content and limit user activity to protect themselves. The result is curtailing of legitimate expression especially where obligations related to and definition of illegal content is vague. Content policing mandates impose significant compliance costs limiting the innovation and competiveness of such platforms.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">More importantly, placing liability on intermediaries has a chilling effect on freedom of expression online. Gate keeping obligations by service providers threaten democratic participation and expression of views online, limiting the potential of individuals and restricting freedoms. Imposing liability can also indirectly lead to the death of anonymity and pseudonymity, pervasive surveillance of users' activities, extensive collection of users' data and ultimately would undermine the digital trust between stakeholders.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Thus effectively, imposing liability for intermediaries creates a chilling effect on Internet activity and speech, create new barriers to innovation and stifles the Internet's potential to promote broader economic and social gains. To avoid these issues, legislators have defined 'safe harbours', limiting the liability of intermediaries under specific circumstances.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Online intermediaries do not have direct control of what information is or information are exchanged via their platform and might not be aware of illegal content per se. A key framework for online intermediaries, such limited liability regimes provide exceptions for third party intermediaries from liability rules to address this asymmetry of information that exists between content producers and intermediaries.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">However, it is important to note, that significant differences exist concerning the subjects of these limitations, their scope of provisions and procedures and modes of operation. The 'notice and takedown' procedures are at the heart of the safe harbour model and can be subdivided into two approaches:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">a. Vertical approach where liability regime applies to specific types of content exemplified in the US Digital Copyright Millennium Act</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">b. Horizontal approach based on the E-Commerce Directive (ECD) where different levels of immunity are granted depending on the type of activity at issue</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Current framework </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Globally, three broad but distinct models of liability for intermediaries have emerged within the Internet ecosystem:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">1. Strict liability model under which intermediaries are liable for third party content used in countries such as China and Thailand</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">2. Safe harbour model granting intermediaries immunity, provided their compliance on certain requirements</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">3. Broad immunity model that grants intermediaries broad or conditional immunity from liability for third party content and exempts them from any general requirement to monitor content. <b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">While the models described above can provide useful guidance for the drafting or the improvement of the current legislation, they are limited in their scope and application as they fail to account for the different roles and functions of intermediaries. Legislators and courts are facing increasing difficulties, in interpreting these regulations and adapting them to a new economic and technical landscape that involves unprecedented levels user generated content and new kinds of and online intermediaries.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The nature and role of intermediaries change considerably across jurisdictions, and in relation to the social, economic and technical contexts. In addition to the dynamic nature of intermediaries the different categories of Internet intermediaries‘ are frequently not clear-cut, with actors often playing more than one intermediation role. Several of these intermediaries offer a variety of products and services and may have number of roles, and conversely, several of these intermediaries perform the same function. For example , blogs, video services and social media platforms are considered to be 'hosts'. Search engine providers have been treated as 'hosts' and 'technical providers'.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This limitations of existing models in recognising that different types of intermediaries perform different functions or roles and therefore should have different liability, poses an interesting area for research and global deliberation. Establishing classification of intermediaries, will also help analyse existing patterns of influence in relation to content for example when the removal of content by upstream intermediaries results in undue over-blocking.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Distinguishing intermediaries on the basis of their roles and functions in the Internet ecosystem is critical to ensuring a balanced system of liability and addressing concerns for freedom of expression. Rather than the highly abstracted view of intermediaries as providing a single unified service of connecting third parties, the definition of intermediaries must expand to include the specific role and function they have in relation to users' rights. A successful intermediary liability regime must balance the needs of producers, consumers, affected parties and law enforcement, address the risk of abuses for political or commercial purposes, safeguard human rights and contribute to the evolution of uniform principles and safeguards.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Towards an evidence based intermediary liability policy framework</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This workshop aims to bring together leading representatives from a broad spectrum of stakeholder groups to discuss liability related issues and ways to enhance Internet users’ trust.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Questions to address at the panel include:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">1. What are the varying definitions of intermediaries across jurisdictions?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">2. What are the specific roles and functions that allow for classification of intermediaries?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">3. How can we ensure the legal framework keeps pace with technological advances and the changing roles of intermediaries?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">4. What are the gaps in existing models in balancing innovation, economic growth and human rights?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">5. What could be the respective role of law and industry self-regulation in enhancing trust?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">6. How can we enhance multi-stakeholder cooperation in this space?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Confirmed Panel:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Technical Community: Malcolm Hutty: Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA)<br />Civil Society: Gabrielle Guillemin: Article19<br />Academic: Nicolo Zingales: Assistant Professor of Law at Tilburg University<br />Intergovernmental: Rebecca Mackinnon: Consent of the Networked, UNESCO project<br />Civil Society: Anriette Esterhuysen: Association for Progressive Communication (APC)<br />Civil Society: Francisco Vera: Advocacy Director: Derechos Digitale<br />Private Sector: Titi Akinsanmi: Policy and Government Relations Manager, Google Sub-Saharan Africa<br />Legal: Martin Husovec: MaxPlanck Institute</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span>Moderator(s): </span><span>Giancarlo Frosio, Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) and </span><span>Jeremy Malcolm, Electronic Frontier Foundation </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span><span>Remote Moderator: </span><span>Anubha Sinha, New Delhi</span></span></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/igf-workshop-an-evidence-based-intermediary-liability-policy-framework'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/igf-workshop-an-evidence-based-intermediary-liability-policy-framework</a>
</p>
No publisherjyotihuman rightsDigital Governanceinternet governanceFreedom of Speech and ExpressionInternet Governance ForumHuman Rights OnlineIntermediary LiabilityPoliciesMulti-stakeholder2014-07-04T06:41:10ZBlog EntryMulti-stakeholder Models of Internet Governance within States: Why, Who & How?
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/multi-stakeholder-models-of-internet-governance-within-states-why-who-how
<b>Internet governance, for long a global exercise, has found new awareness within national frameworks in recent times. Especially relevant for developing countries, effective national IG mechanisms are important to raise awareness and ensure multi-stakeholder participation at technical, infrastructural and public policy levels.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This post is a surface-level overview of national IG bodies, and is intended to inform introductory thoughts on national IG mechanisms.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><strong> </strong></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; "><strong>A Short Introduction</strong><i> </i></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The previous decade has seen a <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/igf-initiatives">proliferation</a> of regional, sub-regional and national initiatives for Internet governance (IG). Built primarily on the multi-stakeholder model, these initiatives aim at creating dialogue on issues of regional, local or municipal importance. In Asia, Bangladesh has instituted a national IGF, the Bangladesh IGF, with the <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/2011/NationalregionalIGFreports/BANGLADESHIGF.2011.pdf">stated objective</a> of creating a national multi-stakeholder forum that is specialized in Internet governance issues, and to facilitate informed dialogue on IG policy issues among stakeholders. India, too, is currently in the process of instituting such a forum. At this juncture, it is useful to consider the rationale and modalities of national IG bodies.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The Internet has long been considered a sphere of non-governmental, multi-stakeholder, decentralized, bottom-up governance space. The Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace, John Perry Barlow’s defiant articulation of the <a href="https://projects.eff.org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html">Internet’s freedom from governmental control</a>, is a classic instance of this. The Internet is a “<i>vast ocean</i>”, we claimed; “<i>no one owns it</i>”.<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a> Even today, members of the technical community insist that everyone ought to “<i>let techies do their job</i>”: a plea, if you will, of the complexity of cyber-walls and –borders (or of their lack).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">But as Prof. Milton Mueller argues in <i>Ruling the Root</i>, the Internet has always been a contentious resource: battles over its governance (or specifically, the governance of the DNS root, both the <a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/root/files">root-zone file</a> and the <a href="http://root-servers.org/">root servers</a>) have leapt from the naïveté of the Declaration of Independence to a private-sector-led, contract-based exploitation of Internet resources. The creation of ICANN was a crucial step in this direction, following arbitrary policy choices by Verizon and entities managing the naming and numbering resources of the Internet.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The mushrooming of parallel tracks of Internet governance is further evidence of the malleability of the space. As of today, various institutions – inter-governmental and multi-stakeholder – extend their claims of governance. ICANN, the World Summit of Information Society, the World Conference on International Telecommunications, the Internet Governance Forum and the Working Group on Enhanced Cooperation under the ECOSOC Committee for Science, Technology and Development are a few prominent tracks. As of today, the WSIS process has absorbed various UN special bodies (the ITU, UNESCO, UNCTAD, UNDP are but a few), with the UNESCO instituting a <a href="http://www.unesco.org/new/internetstudy">separate study</a> on Internet-related issues. A proposal for a multilateral Committee on Internet-Related Policies remains <a href="http://www.internetgovernance.org/2011/10/29/a-united-nations-committee-for-internet-related-policies-a-fair-assessment/">stillborn</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Amongst these, the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) remains a strong contender for a truly multi-stakeholder process facilitating dialogue on IG. The IGF was set up following the recommendation of the Working Group of Internet Governance (WGIG), constituted after the Geneva phase of the WSIS.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; "><strong>Rationale: Why Have National IG bodies?</strong></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The issue of national multi-stakeholder cooperation/collaboration in IG is not new; it has been alive since the early 2000s. The <a href="http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html">Tunis Agenda</a>, in paragraph 80, encourages the “<i>development of multi-stakeholder processes at the <span>national, regional and international levels</span> to discuss and collaborate on the expansion and diffusion of the Internet as a means to support development efforts to achieve internationally agreed development goals and objectives, including the Millennium Development Goals</i>” (emphasis supplied).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span>In its </span><a href="http://www.wgig.org/docs/WGIGREPORT.pdf">June 2005 Report</a><span>, the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) emphasizes that “</span><i>global Internet governance can only be effective if there is <span>coherence</span> with <span>regional, subregional and national-level</span> policies</i><span>”. Towards this end it recommends that “</span><i>coordination be established <span>among all stakeholders at the national level</span> and <span>a multi-stakeholder national Internet governance steering committee or similar body</span> be set up</i><span>” (emphasis supplied). The IGF, whose creation the WGIG recommended, has since been commended for its impact on the proliferation of national IGFs.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span>The rationale, then, was that multi-stakeholder steering committees at the national level would help to create a cohesive body to coordinate positions on Internet governance. In </span><i>Reforming Internet Governance</i><span>, WGIG member Waudo Siganga writes of the Internet Steering Committee of Brazil as a model, highlighting lessons that states (especially developing countries) may learn from CGI.br.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span>The Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br) was set up in 1995 and is responsible, </span><i>inter alia</i><span>, for the management of the .br domain, distribution of Internet addresses and administration of metropolitan Internet exchange points. CERT.br ensures network security and extends support to network administrators. Siganga </span><a href="http://www.wgig.org/docs/book/Waudo-Siganga.html">writes</a><span> that CGI.br is a “</span><i>well-structured multistakeholder entity, having representation from government and democratically chosen representatives of the business sector, scientific and technological community and an Internet expert</i><span>”.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span>Why is CGI.br a model for other states? </span><i>First</i><span>, CGI.br exemplifies how countries can structure in an effective manner, a body that is involved in creating awareness about IG issues at the national level. Moreover, the multi-stakeholder nature of CGI.br shows how participation can be harnessed effectively to build capacity across domestic players. This also reflects the multi-stakeholder aspects of Internet governance at the global level, clarifying and implementing the WSIS standards (for instance). Especially in developing countries, where awareness and coordination for Internet governance is lacking at the national level, national IG committees can bridge the gap between awareness and participation. Such awareness can translate into local solutions for local issues, as well as contributing to an informed, cohesive stance at the global level.</span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Stakeholders: Populating a national IG body</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">A national IG body – be in steering committee, IGF or other forum – should ideally involve all relevant stakeholders. As noted before, since inception, the Internet has not been subject to exclusive governmental regulation. The World Summit on Information Society recognized this, but negotiations amongst stakeholders resulted in the delegation of roles and responsibilities: the controversial and much-debated paragraph 35 of the <a href="http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html">Tunis Agenda</a> reads:</p>
<ol style="text-align: justify; ">
<li><i>Policy authority for Internet-related public policy issues is the sovereign right of States. They have rights and responsibilities for international Internet-related public policy issues.</i></li>
<li><i>The private sector has had, and should continue to have, an important role in the development of the Internet, both in the technical and economic fields.</i></li>
<li><i>Civil society has also played an important role on Internet matters, especially at community level, and should continue to play such a role.</i></li>
<li><i>Intergovernmental organizations have had, and should continue to have, a facilitating role in the coordination of Internet-related public policy issues.</i></li>
<li><i>International organizations have also had and should continue to have an important role in the development of Internet-related technical standards and relevant policies.</i></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This position remains endorsed by the WSIS process; the recent WSIS+10 High Level Event <a href="http://www.itu.int/wsis/implementation/2014/forum/inc/doc/outcome/362828V2E.pdf">endorsed by acclamation</a> the <i>WSIS+10 Vision for WSIS Beyond 2015</i>, which “<i>respect mandates given by Tunis Agenda and respect for the multi-stakeholder principles</i>”. In addition to government, the private sector and civil society, the technical community is identified as a distinct stakeholder group. Academia has also found a voice, as demonstrated by stakeholder-representation at NETmundial 2014.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">A <a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/ISOC%20framework%20for%20IG%20assessments%20-%20D%20Souter%20-%20final_0.pdf">study of the Internet Society</a> (ISOC) on <i>Assessing National Internet Governance Arrangements</i>, authored by David Souter, maps IG stakeholders at the global, regional and national levels. At the global level, primary stakeholders include ICANN (not-for-profit, private sector corporation involved in governance and technical coordination of the DNS), the IETF, IAB and W3C (technical standards), governments and civil society organizations, all of which participate with different levels of involvements at the IGF, ICANN, ITU, etc.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">At the national/municipal level, the list of stakeholders is as comprehensive. <strong>Governmental stakeholders</strong> include: (1) relevant Ministries (in India, these are the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, and the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology – the Department of Electronics and Information Technology under the MCIT is particularly relevant), and (2) regulators, statutory and independent (the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, for example). At the national level, these typically seek inputs from other stakeholders while making recommendations to governments, which then enact laws or make policy. In India, for instance, the <a href="http://www.trai.gov.in/content/CONSULTATION/0_CONSULTATIONS.aspx">TRAI conducts consultations</a> prior to making recommendations to the government.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Within the <strong>private sector</strong>, there may be companies (1) on the supply-side, such as infrastructure networks, telecommunications service companies, Internet Service Providers, search engines, social networks, cybercafés, etc., and (2) on the demand-side, online businesses, advertising/media, financial service providers, etc. who <i>use</i> the Internet. There may also be <strong>national registries</strong> managing ccTLDs, such as the Registro.br or the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI). There may also the <strong>press and news corporations</strong> representing both corporate and public interest under specific circumstances (media ownership and freedom of expression, for distinct examples).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><strong>Civil society organisations</strong>, including consumer organisations, think-tanks and grassroots organisations, participate at various levels of policy-making in the formal institutional structure, and are crucial in representing users and public interest. The complexity of stakeholders may be seen from <a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/ISOC%20framework%20for%20IG%20assessments%20-%20D%20Souter%20-%20final_0.pdf">Souter’s report</a>, and this enumeration is but a superficial view of the national stakeholder-population.<span> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; ">Processes: Creating effective national IG bodies</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">National IG bodies – be they steering committees, IGFs, consultative/working groups or other forums – may be limited by formal institutional governmental settings. While limited by the responsibility-gradient in paragraph 35 of the Tunis Agenda, an effective national IG body requires robust multi-stakeholder participation, as Souter notes, in technical governance, infrastructure and public policy issues. Its effectiveness also lies in governmental acquiescence of its expertise and recommendations; in short, in the translation of the IG body’s decisions into policy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">How do these stakeholders interact at the national level? In addition to the Brazilian example (CGI.br), an <a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/ISOC%20study%20of%20IG%20in%20Kenya%20-%20D%20Souter%20%26%20M%20Kerretts-Makau%20-%20final.pdf">ISOC study</a> by Souter and Monica Kerretts-Makau, <i>Internet Governance in Kenya: An Assessment</i>, provides a detailed answer. At the <strong>technical level</strong>, the registry KENIC manages the .ke domain, while the Kenya Computer Incident Response Team Coordination Centre coordinates national responses to incidents and collaborates internationally on cyber-security issues. A specific IPv6 Force to promote Kenya’s transition to IPv6 was also created.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">At the <strong>infrastructural level</strong>, both the government and the private sector play important roles. Directly, ministries and government departments consult with infrastructure providers in creating policy. In India, for instance, the TRAI conducts multi-stakeholder consultations on issues such as telecom tariffs, colocation tariffs for submarine cable stations and mobile towers, etc. The government may also take a lead in creating infrastructure, such as the national optic fibre networks in <a href="http://www.bbnl.nic.in/content/page/national-optical-fibre-networknofn.php">India</a> and <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&ved=0CBsQFjAAOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kictanet.or.ke%2F%3Fp%3D1822&ei=avmeU_SaII6SuATi2ICoDA&usg=AFQjCNEgUIpb_kf2Fx-s7TJ2H-xl1rm9WA&sig2=HlpJp1UlVXRHTAOPh9W7Bg&bvm=bv.68911936,d.c2E&cad=rja">Kenya</a>, as also creating investment opportunities such as liberalizing FDI. At the <strong>public policy level</strong>, there may exist consultations initiated by government bodies (such as the TRAI or the Law Commission), in which other stakeholders participate.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">As one can see, government-initiated consultations by ministries, regulators, law commissions or specially constituted committees. Several countries have also set up national IGFs, which typically involve all major stakeholders in voluntary participation, and form a discussion forum for existing and emerging IG issues. National IGFs <a href="http://www.internetgovernance.org/2009/08/28/another-mini-internet-governance-forum-in-the-u-s-a/">have been considered</a> particularly useful to create awareness within the country, and may best address IG issues at the domestic policy level. However, Prof. Mueller <a href="http://www.internetgovernance.org/2008/01/18/the-igf-and-networked-internet-governance/">writes</a> that what is necessary is a “<i>reliable mechanism reliable mechanisms for consistently feeding the preferences expressed in these forums to actual global policy-making institutions like ICANN, RIRs, WIPO, and WTO which impact distributional outcomes</i>”.</p>
<hr size="1" style="text-align: justify; " width="33%" />
<p style="text-align: justify; "><a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> M. Mueller, Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace 57 (2002).</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/multi-stakeholder-models-of-internet-governance-within-states-why-who-how'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/multi-stakeholder-models-of-internet-governance-within-states-why-who-how</a>
</p>
No publishergeethaInternet Governance ForumInternet GovernanceNational IGFsICANNITU2014-06-16T14:27:38ZBlog EntryFirst Look: CIS Cybersecurity documentary film
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-cybersecurity-series-film-trailer
<b>CIS presents the trailer of its documentary film DesiSec: Cybersecurity & Civil Society in India</b>
<p>The Centre for Internet and Society is pleased to release the trailer of its first documentary film, on cybersecurity and civil society in India. </p>
<p>The documentary is part of the CIS Cybersecurity Series, a work in progress which may be found <a class="external-link" href="http://cismetamedia.tumblr.com">here</a>.</p>
<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/3134xVvMmfc" frameborder="0" height="315" width="560"></iframe>
<p><strong>DesiSec: Cybersecurity and Civil Society in India</strong></p>
<p>The trailer of <em>DesiSec: Cybersecurity and Civil Society in India</em> was shown at the Internet Governance Forum in Bali on October 24. It was a featured presentation at the Citizen Lab workshop, <em>Internet Governance For The Next Billion Users.</em></p>
<p>The transcript of the workshop is available here: <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/content/article/121-preparatory-process/1476-ws-344-internet-governance-for-the-next-billion-users">http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/content/article/121-preparatory-process/1476-ws-344-internet-governance-for-the-next-billion-users</a> </p>
<p><strong><em>This work was carried out as part of the Cyber Stewards Network with aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.</em></strong></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-cybersecurity-series-film-trailer'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/cis-cybersecurity-series-film-trailer</a>
</p>
No publisherpurbaCybersecurityInternet Governance ForumInternet GovernanceCyber Security FilmCyberculturesCyber Security2013-12-17T08:16:42ZBlog EntryTweets with "IGF13"
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/resources/20131021T090102_igf13
<b>Tweets with "IGF13".</b>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/resources/20131021T090102_igf13'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/resources/20131021T090102_igf13</a>
</p>
No publisherpraneshInternet Governance ForumInternet StudiesInternet Governance2013-10-28T06:29:42ZFileWhat Frameworks for Cross-Border Online Communities and Services
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/frameworks-for-cross-border-online-communities-and-services
<b>Chinmayi Arun, Assistant Professor at National Law University India and Fellow at the CIS India, talks about the Internet Governance Forum 2012 Workshop 154 "What Frameworks for Cross-Border Online Communities and Services", which was hosted by the Internet & Jurisdiction Project on November 8, 2012.</b>
<h3>Panelists:</h3>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Chinmayi Arun, National Law University India and Fellow at CIS India</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Brian Cute, CEO at PIR (.org)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Lee Hibbard, Media and Information Society Division at Council of Europe</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Konstantinos Komaitis, Policy Advisor at Internet Society</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Michael Niebel, Internet Policy Development at European Commission</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; ">Patrick Ryan, Policy Councel Open Internet at Google</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<hr />
Moderator: Bertrand de La Chapelle, Director of the Internet & Jurisdiction Project Remote Moderator: Paul Fehlinger, Manager of the Internet & Jurisdiction Project </ol>
<p>More information at <a class="external-link" href="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net">www.internetjurisdiction.net</a></p>
<hr />
<h3>Video by the Internet Governance Forum</h3>
<p><iframe frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/RmlMkIQmMog" width="320"></iframe></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/frameworks-for-cross-border-online-communities-and-services'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/frameworks-for-cross-border-online-communities-and-services</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumVideoInternet Governance2012-12-05T00:10:27ZNews ItemSteady Steps.....FOSS and the MDG's
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/steady-steps-foss-and-mdgs
<b>Pranesh Prakash was a panelist at this IGF workshop held on November 9, 2012. It was organised by International Center For Free and Open Source Software and Free Software and OpenSource Foundation For Africa.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">IG4D Thematic Cluster 2 "Enabling Environment" Question 1: What does it take to attract investment in infrastructure and enc</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Concise Description of Workshop:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This workshop will address some key areas, where Free and open source software has made a milestone, in the last few years to fulfill the Millennium development goal, across the globe. Many a times whenever FOSS is mentioned, , thoughts quickly run to ‘techies’ . In this session , the Panelists will give practical presentations/projects on Free and Open Source Software, outside the technical arena and show how it has changed the face of : 1) Governments:- We will look at, Policy in the area of Open Data, 2) In Academia:- We will look at, Open Education Resources (OER) , FOSS in schools etc, both in Africa and India. 3) In Private Sector- we will look at , Wealth creation, innovation and job creation, just to mention but a few. 1) Secondly we will look at how FOSS is bridging the digital divide, existing between the different age groups more especially the Youth, Women, between the different social circles/media , inclusion of person's with disabilities.etc, through partnerships and rural deployment of FOSS. We will have the privilege to look at initiative(s), in Brazil. 1) Last but not least, It will address, the key policies, that governments should embrace, that would continue to enhance FOSS in the Internet development goal at national level , regional level and at the global level. A rich discussion will be encouraged, from the participants to ensure that the FOSS community understands its strength and role in the internet governance realm, in policy making process and in the privacy, security and openness arena.<br /> <br /> <b>Workshop Agenda</b>:<br /> 1. What Milestone has FOSS made in:<br /> i) Academia<br /> ii) Government<br /> iii) Private Sector<br /> 2. Is FOSS factor to consider in bridging the digital divide?<br /> 3. Regarding the Milestone that FOSS has achieved, should there be national, regional, global.etc policies to ensure a fair palying field it?<br /> - Closing remarks, What actions to be taken, conclusion.</p>
<div class="field-field-ws-panel field-type-text field">
<div class="field-label">Submitted Workshop Panelists:</div>
<div class="field-items">
<div class="odd field-item">
<p>1. Mr. Satish Babu - ICFOSS, India (Government)- Moderator- Confirmed <br /> 2. Mr. Fernando Botelho- F123.org, Brazil (Remote Participation)- Confirmed<br /> 3. Ms. Anne Rachel Inne, ICANN- Confirmed<br /> 4. Mr. Pranesh Prakash, CIS Bangalore, India- Confirmed <br /> 5. Ms. Mishi Choudhary, Executive Director of International programs at Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC), India- Confirmed<br /> 6. Mr. Yves Miezan Ezo, FOSSFA , CHALA, France- Confirmed<br /> 7.Ms. Nnenna Nwakanma, CEO, Nnenna.org, Cote d' Ivoire- Confirmed</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field-field-ws-rm field-type-text field">
<div class="field-label">Name of Remote Moderator(s):</div>
<div class="field-items">
<div class="odd field-item">Ms. Judy Okite, FOSSFA</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field-field-assigned-panellists field-type-nodereference field">
<div class="field-label">Assigned Panellists:</div>
<div class="field-items">
<div class="odd field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/babu-satish">Babu - Satish</a></div>
<div class="even field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/botelho-fernando">Botelho - Fernando</a></div>
<div class="odd field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/inne-anne-rachel">INNE - Anne-Rachel</a></div>
<div class="even field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/abraham-sunil">Abraham - Sunil</a></div>
<div class="odd field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/choudhary-mishi">Choudhary - Mishi</a></div>
<div class="even field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/miezan-ezo-yves">Miezan Ezo - Yves</a></div>
<div class="odd field-item"><a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/nwakanma-nnenna">Nwakanma - Nnenna</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/steady-steps-foss-and-mdgs'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/steady-steps-foss-and-mdgs</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-09T01:11:31ZNews ItemWho is Following Me: Tracking the Trackers (IGF2012)
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/who-is-following-me
<b>The Internet Society and the Council of Europe are co-organising a workshop at the IGF (Baku - 8 November 2012 - 09:00 - 10:30) regarding online tracking. Malavika Jayaram is a speaker.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Interest in online tracking as a policy issue spiked with the release of the Preliminary Federal Trade Commission Staff Report in December 2010 entitled <i>Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change – A Proposed Framework for Businesses and Policymakers</i> calling for a “do not track” mechanism, the launch of the W3C Tracking Protection Workng Group and the recent entry into force of the so-called European “Cookie Directive” provisions. However, the actual and potential observation of individuals’ interactions online has long been a concern for privacy advocates and others.</p>
<p>Much of the policy attention is currently focused on cookies used to track users to build profiles for more targeted advertising, but some of the more difficult issues are:</p>
<ul class="rteindent1">
<li style="text-align: justify; "> How to deal with less-observable tracking (e.g. browser and/or device fingerprinting, monitoring of publicly disclosed information)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> How to develop laws that accommodate different tracking scenarios – for example:
<ul>
<li> different entities (law enforcement, companies, etc.); </li>
<li> different and sometimes multiple purposes (security, personalising user experience, targeting advertising, malicious activity; etc.); </li>
<li> first-party and third-party tracking o single site and multiple site tracking</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Transparency (particularly on small mobile devices)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Whether a traditional consent model is sufficient and effective</li>
</ul>
<p>The panel:</p>
<ul class="rteindent1">
<li> Wendy Seltzer, Policy Council, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</li>
<li> Kimon Zorbas, Vice President, Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) Europe</li>
<li> Cornelia Kutterer, Director of Regulatory Policy, Corporate Affairs, LCA, Microsoft EMEA</li>
<li> Malavika Jayaram, partner at Jayaram & Jayaram, Bangalore</li>
<li> Shaundra Watson, Counsel for international consumer protection, USA Federal Trade Commission</li>
<li> Rob van Eijk, Council of Europe expert, Leiden University (PhD student)</li>
</ul>
<p>The moderators:</p>
<ul class="rteindent1">
<li> Christine Runnegar, Internet Society</li>
<li> Sophie Kwasny, Council of Europe</li>
</ul>
<p>The remote moderator:</p>
<ul class="rteindent1">
<li> James Lawson, Council of Europe</li>
</ul>
<p>This workshop will explore:</p>
<ul class="rteindent1">
<li> Current and emerging trends in online tracking (and their related purposes)</li>
<li> How to give individuals full knowledge of the tracking that occurs when they go online</li>
<li> Mechanisms to give individuals greater control over tracking and data use</li>
<li> The respective roles of all actors (government, law enforcement, Internet intermediaries, businesses, browser vendors, application developers, advertisers, data brokers, users, Internet technical community, etc.) </li>
<li> Whether effective data protection online can be ensured solely by law.</li>
<li> Whether self-regulation and voluntary consensus standards offer better options for tuning privacy choice to the rapidly advancing technology environment.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Please read our <b><a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/Tracking%20-%20Background%20paper%2020120711_0.pdf">background paper</a></b> and <a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/doc/who-following-me-tracking-trackers-part-2"><b>update</b></a></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/who-is-following-me'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/who-is-following-me</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-07T17:17:32ZNews ItemSolutions for Enabling Cross-border Data Flows
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/solutions-for-cross-border-data-flows
<b>ICC BASIS and the Internet Society are co-organising a workshop at the IGF (Baku - 7 November 2012 - 14:30 to 16:00) to explore solutions for enabling cross-border data flows. Malavika Jayaram is a panelist.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This was published by<a class="external-link" href="http://www.internetsociety.org/solutions-enabling-cross-border-data-flows-igf2012"> Internet Society</a>. For details published on the IGF website, see <a class="external-link" href="http://http//wsms1.intgovforum.org/content/no86-solutions-enabling-cross-border-data-flows">here</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>BRIEF OVERVIEW</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The Internet has revolutionised our ability to communicate and share data beyond national boundaries, thereby facilitating cross-border social and commercial interactions. Enabling cross-border data flows, however, raises a number of important Internet governance policy considerations for a broad range of stakeholders, such as business, intermediaries, users, law enforcement agencies, governments, policymakers and the wider Internet technical community. In this context, the workshop will explore policy issues, from various stakeholder perspectives.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The dynamic panel of experts will provide a wide range of perspectives for this discussion and explore concrete solutions and options for enabling cross-border data flows. This is an important opportunity to raise awareness about the practical and the policy realities raised by these issues. It will also be an opportunity to share concrete issues, experiences, possible approaches and solutions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>MODERATOR</b><br /> Jeff Brueggeman, Vice President-Public Policy & Deputy Chief Privacy Officer, AT&T</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>PANELLISTS</b><br /> Joseph Alhadeff, Chief Privacy Strategist, Vice President, Global Public Policy, Oracle<br /> Maria Häll, Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, Sweden<br /> Malavika Jayaram, Partner, Jayaram & Jayaram, Bangalore<br /> Christine Runnegar, Senior Policy Advisor, Internet Society<br /> Ivan Sanchez Medina, Member of the Columbian National Telecommunications Commission, CRC</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>LEAD DISCUSSANTS</b><br /> Olga Cavalli, Advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Argentina<br /> Christoph Steck, Chief Regulatory Officer, Telefonica (TBC)<br /> Kevin Bankston, Senior Counsel and Free Expression Director, Center for Democracy & Technology</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>REMOTE MODERATOR</b><br /> Constance Weise, ICC BASIS</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>SUBSTANTIVE RAPPORTEUR </b><br /> Karen Mulberry, Policy Advisor, Internet Society</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/solutions-for-cross-border-data-flows'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/solutions-for-cross-border-data-flows</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-07T22:42:35ZNews ItemBest Bits 2012
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/best-bits
<b>Best Bits organized a workshop at the IGF. It was held on November 3 and 4, 2012. Pranesh Prakash and Elonnai Hickok participated in the event.</b>
<h2>Agenda</h2>
<h3>Day 1, Saturday, November 3, 2012</h3>
<table class="invisible">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>9.00 - 10.45</td>
<td><b>Internet governance history and review</b>
<ul>
<li>Mapping Internet governance – institutions and actors</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Last 20 years of Internet governance: ITU, ISOC, WSIS and IGF</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> Last 2 years – ACTA, SOPA/PIPA and online activism eg. StopTheMeter.ca, government assertions of sovereignty over IG</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> Southern perspectives on global Internet governance</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11.00 - 12.45</td>
<td>
<p><b>The ITU and the International Telecommunications Regulations</b></p>
<ul>
<li>What are the real dangers of the proposed ITR revisions?</li>
<li>Remaining opportunities for input into the WCIT process</li>
<li>How to engage with your national delegation to the ITU</li>
<li>Beyond WCIT – WTPF, WTSA, IMPACT, and the Dedicated Group</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12.45 - 14.00</td>
<td><b>Lunch and networking break</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12.00 - 17.30</td>
<td>
<p><b>Drafting a civil society statement to WCIT</b></p>
<div id="magicdomid51">
<ul>
<li>Draws together points of consensus</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid52">
<ul>
<li>Defines the legitimate role of the ITU</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid53">
<ul>
<li>Judges it against the WSIS criteria</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid54">
<ul>
<li>Refers to statement on IG principles</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Day 2, Sunday, November 4, 2012</h3>
<table class="invisible">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>9.00 - 10.30</td>
<td>
<p><b>Declarations of Internet rights and Internet governance principles</b></p>
<div id="magicdomid59">
<ul>
<li>Background to Internet principles declarations 1999 to 2012</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid60">
<ul>
<li>Declaration of Internet Freedom – first and second iterations</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid61">
<ul>
<li>Other current initiatives – “rival” Declaration, Marco Civil, etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid62">
<ul>
<li>Respective advantages of consolidation and maintaining diversity</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10.45 - 12.15</td>
<td>
<p><b>Process towards enhanced cooperation on Internet public policy issues</b></p>
<div id="magicdomid66">
<ul>
<li>If not the ITU, then what?</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid67">
<ul>
<li>The global vacuum on Internet-related public policy issues</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid68">
<ul>
<li>Likely scenarios (favourable or not) if the vacuum is not filled</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid69">
<ul>
<li>Discussion of reform proposals – Committee on Internet Related Policies, Enhanced Cooperation Task Force</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12.15 - 13.00</td>
<td><b>Lunch and networking break</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13.00 - 16.00</td>
<td>
<p><b>Drafting civil society IG principles for the IGF</b></p>
<div id="magicdomid75">
<ul>
<li>Development of existing statements</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid76">
<ul>
<li>Reinforces multi-stakeholder approach</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid77">
<ul>
<li>Suggests roadmap for improved implementation of enhanced cooperation</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16.15 - 17.45</td>
<td>
<p><b>Next steps</b></p>
<div id="magicdomid81">
<ul>
<li>Making an inclusive civil society network on IG issues sustainable</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid82">
<ul>
<li>Other existing civil society+ networks – Internet Defence League, Internet Governance Caucus, Global Network Initiative, CSISAC, OpenMedia network, Internet Progress Administration</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="magicdomid83">
<ul>
<li>Recap of upcoming events and campaigns for possible joint action</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Participants</p>
<ul>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-11">Alejandro Pisanty <a href="http://pisanty.blogspot.com"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Professor at UNAM, Mexico. Chair of ISOC Mexico. Former member of WGIG, IGF MAG, ISOC Board of Trustees, ICANN Board of Directors."></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-32">Andrew Puddephatt <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Global Partners"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-51">Anja Kovacs <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Internet Democracy Project"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-47">Anna Orlova <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Humboldt Universität zu Berlin"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-40">Anriette Esterhuysen <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Association for Progressive Communications"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-37">Antonio Medina Gomez <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Gobernanza de Internet Colombia"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-38">Arthit Suriyawongkul <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Thai Netizen Network"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-44">Ashnah Kalemera <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-16">Avri Doria <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="dotgay"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-74">bdelachapelle </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-18">Brett Solomon <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Access (accessnow.org)"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-55">Carlos Alberto Afonso <a href="http://www.nupef.org.br"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-2">Claudio Ruiz <a href="http://www.derechosdigitales.org/"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-31">Deborah Brown <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Access (www.Accessnow.org)"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-25">Dixie Hawtin <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Global Partners & Associates"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-78">Donny B U </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-35">Elonnai Hickok <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Centre for Internet and Society"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-7">Emma Llanso <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Policy Counsel, Center for Democracy & Technology"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-61">Fouad Bajwa <a href="http://internetsgovernance.blogspot.com"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Public Policy Analysis, Research and Advocacy."></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-22">Gene Kimmelman <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Global Partners & Associates"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-27">Iarla Flynn <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Google"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-36">Imran Ahmed Shah <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Internet Governance Forum of Pakistan"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-1">Jeremy Malcolm <a href="http://A2Knetwork.org/"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Senior Policy Officer, Consumers International"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-43">Joana Varon Ferraz <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Center for Technology and Society (CTS/FGV)"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-29">Jochai Ben-Avie <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Access (AccessNow.org)"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-28">Joonas Mikael Mäkinen <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Electronic Frontier Finland"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-6">Joy Liddicoat <a href="http://rights.apc.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-30">Katitza Rodriguez <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="EFF"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-20">Kevin Bankston <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Center for Democracy & Technology"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-65">LAURA ABBA </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-23">matthew shears <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="CDT - Center for Democracy and Technology"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-48">Mawaki Chango <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Association for Progressive Communications"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-39">Michael Gurstein <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Centre for Community Informatics Research, Development and Training"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-15">Nnenna Nwakanla </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-8">Norbert Bollow <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Swiss Open Systems User Group /ch/open"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-24">Parminder Jeet Singh <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="IT for Change, India"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-34">Pranesh Prakash <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Centre for Internet and Society"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-21">Premila Kumar <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Consumer Council of Fiji"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-26">Raquel Gatto <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="NIC.br"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-17">Rashmi Rangnath <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Public Knowledge"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-62">Sanja_Kelly </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-53">Shahzad Ahmad <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Bytes for All, Pakistan"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-52">Shita Laksmi <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Hivos"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-66">STEFANO TRUMPY </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-49">Stephanie Borg Psaila <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="DiploFoundation"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-77">Sylwia Rudnik <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="ISOC Poland Chapter Ambassador"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-33">Tapani Tarvainen <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Electronic Frointier Finland"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-41">Theresa Züger <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Humboldt Inistute for Internet and Society"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-19">Valeria Betancourt <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Association for Progressive Communications"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-9">William Drake <a href="http://williamdrake.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="William J. Drake is an International Fellow and Lecturer in the Institute of Mass Communication and Media Research at the University of Zurich, as well as a consultant, based in Geneva. Current activities include serving as co-editor of the MIT Press book series, The Information Revolution and Global Politics; an elected representative of noncommercial users on the Council of the Generic Names Supporting Organization, and on the Board of Directors of the European At Large Organization, in the Internet Corporation for Names and Numbers; a member of the Multistakeholder Advisory Group of the Internet Governance Forum; a member of the Civil Society Information Society Advisory Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; a member of the Group of High-Level Advisors of the UN Global Alliance for ICT and Development; a core faculty member in the European and South Schools on Internet Governance; a founding member of Global Internet Governance Academic Network and the civil society Internet Governance Caucus; and an Affiliated Researcher of the Institute for Tele-Information at Columbia University. In December 2012, he will serve on the US delegation to ITU’s World Conference on International Telecommunications treaty negotiation. Some previous positions held include, Senior Associate of the Centre for International Governance at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva; President of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility; Senior Associate and Director of the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; founding Associate Director of the Communication, Culture and Technology Program at Georgetown University; and Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of California, San Diego. Some previous activities have included serving as a member of the UN Working Group on Internet Governance; Working Group 1 of the UN Information and Communication Technologies Task Force; and the World Economic Forum Task Force on the Global Digital Divide. Drake received his Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University. Some of his publications include: Editor, Internet Governance: Creating Opportunities for All---The Fourth Internet Governance Forum (United Nations, 2010); Co-Editor, Governing Global Electronic Networks: International Perspectives on Policy and Power (MIT Press, 2008); Editor, Reforming Internet Governance: Perspectives from the UN Working Group on Internet Governance (United Nations, 2005); and Editor, The New Information Infrastructure: Strategies for US Policy (Century Foundation, 1995)."></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-46">Wolfgang Kleinwächter </li>
</ul>
<h3>Attending Remotely</h3>
<ul>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-50">AHM Bazlur Rahman <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-81">Alex Comninos <a href="http://comninos.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Doctoral Candidate, Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig University Giessen"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-68">Baudouin SCHOMBE <a href="http://akimambo.unblog.fr"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-56">chaitanyabd </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-59">cveraq </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-80">De </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-70">encels </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-75">Fatima Cambronero </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-63">ganda <a href="https://me.yahoo.com/a/NT_ueU1w18ryXb5juaCg6wfMhQ--#cbcd9"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-72">Hanane </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-13">Hindenburgo Francisco Pires <a href="http://www.cibergeo.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-71">Jorge Gonzalez </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-60">Julian Casasbuenas G. <a href="http://www.colnodo.apc.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-67">Lorna Tingu Makuma </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-54">Narine Khachatryan <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Media Education Center, Armenia"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-76">natienciso </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-42">Pitshou Bulembi Ndongala <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="Groupe de Recherche-Action pour le Développement Intégral"></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-58">richaraix </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-73">rohanjay <a href="http://www.indexoncensorship.org"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-64">Siranush Vardanyan </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-14">Sonigitu Asibong Ekpe <a href="http://www.crossriverstate.gov.ng"><img src="http://bestbits.igf-online.net/wp-content/themes/expo18/img/icons/0093.png" /></a> <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="I am from Nigeria, currently working with the Cross River State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources as a Senior Fisheries Officer with an ad-hoc duty as a Project Support Officer [Agriculturist] in the Cross River Farm Credit Scheme. I hold an M.Sc degree in Forestry and Environmental Management A great advocate for Global Governance, with the Internet serving as a basis to supporting the move from MANIPULATED / GROUPTHINK POWER to COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE POWER and ultimately to PUBLIC WISDOM POWER, from the "></span> </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-79">Susan Coughtrie </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-57">thierrys </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-69">vinsolo </li>
<li class="author-profile" id="user-45">Virginia Paque <span class="add-tooltip with-icon" title="DiplpFoundation"></span> </li>
</ul>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/best-bits'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/best-bits</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-06T06:46:17ZNews ItemCloudy Jurisdiction: Addressing the thirst for Cloud Data in Domestic Legeal Processes
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/cloudy-jurisdiction-addressing-the-thirst-for-cloud-data-in-domestic-legeal-processes
<b>Elonnai Hickok was a panelist at this workshop held at the IGF in Baku, Azerbaijan on November 7, 2012. The workshop was co-organised by Electronic Frontier Foundation (Peru) and University of Ottawa.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The use of cloud services is rising globally. Cloud computing and storage are uniquely tailored to take full advantage of our increasingly networked environment. However, a move to the cloud also entails tangible challenges as vast repositories of information once kept within the sacrosanct safety of the home computer are placed on a remote server in the control of a third party. While the protections of home storage and processing can be replicated in the cloud, legal norms have been slow to adopt. Jurisdiction, the classic internet governance question, is raised in particularly stark contrast in the move to the cloud, as placing user data can subject that data to the legal access laws of any (or even many) jurisdictions in the world.</p>
<p>While there are indicators that such data is being accessed at increasing and alarming rates, globally, yet even the dimensions of the problem remain obscure. What is needed is a set of shared international norms relating to transparency, data sovereignty and lawful access to private information. In recent years, however, International forums have appeared much more eager to adopt international standards for data access (be it to combat cybercrime, secure critical infrastructure, or help intellectual property holders uncover alleged infringers of their rights) than for data sovereignty. Standards need to be developed that will provide a basis for the special challenges to cross-jurisdictional privacy that the move to the cloud highlights. This panel will examine the need for such a cross-jurisdictional framework, what one might look like, and, importantly, how one might bring such a framework about where the issue appears to be a low priority for many national governments.</p>
<p><b>Agenda</b><br /> The objective of this panel is to attempt to resolve some of the trans-border threats to civil liberties that are posed by the move to the cloud. If a baseline of privacy protection can be assured at the international level, concerns over limiting data flows on the basis of jurisdiction will be alleviated. This panel will be divided into two parts. The first part will discuss some of the challenges raised by the cloud environment for traditional civil liberties paradigms. The discussion in part two will be solution-driven—what rules can be put in place at the international level to alleviate the heightened risk to privacy and other civil liberties raised by a cloud-centric model.</p>
<p><b>Part 1: Cloud-based threats to cross-border civil liberties</b> (45 mins)<br /> This part will discuss some of the challenges to civil liberties arising from a cross-border cloud-based environment. The panel will be further sub-divided into 25-30 minutes of panelist input, followed by 15-20 minutes of general discussion. Panelists will be asked to spend 3-5 minutes highlighting what they view as the most pressing of these challenges may be.</p>
<p>This might include specific recurring problems that have arisen in many comparable online contexts, as they relate to the cloud such as, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li> legal obligations to build in intercept capacity into Internet services (compare CALEA 2.0 efforts in US, Lawful Access in Canada, and domestic server obligations such as those imposed on RIM by India and others in order to facilitate access to data that is encrypted in transit). </li>
<li> Concerns that many legal regimes permit voluntary conduct without adequate safeguards for political pressure on companies, particularly smaller businesses, to comply with requests. </li>
<li> Inability to challenge surveillance laws because the programs are shrouded in secrecy, because individuals are never made aware they have been surveilled, because of standing issues, etc. </li>
<li> Ability for ‘one-stop access’: cloud centralizes mass amounts of data in one place. This concentration as well as a general erosion of traditional criteria designed to ensure surveillance is targeted in a way that impacts minimally on the general populace. </li>
<li> Nascent suggestions of informal information sharing arrangements through MLATs and less transparent more informal arrangements. </li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Part 2: Adopting protections at the International level</b> (45 mins.)<br /> The discussion in Part 2 will focus on how some of these problems can be addressed at the international level by adoption of a set of principled protections designed to meet the realities of online and specifically cloud services. The focus is on problem resolution.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Format for Part 2 will mirror that of Part 1. Panelists will be provided with 3-5 minutes each and asked to present their views on one or two solutions that can be adopted at the international level to the problems presented in part 1. The remainder (20-25 minutes) will be dedicated to general discussion.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">It is hoped that the discussion will explore specific protections that might be adopted at the international level, how to advance those solutions, and what strategies can generally advance these objectives, on the advocacy front, by use of transparency tools to increase awareness of some of the issues.</p>
<p>Questions to think about:</p>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Historically, interception of communications received the strongest protection at law, but it relied to a great extent on the act of interception coinciding with the communication itself. Should we be expanding this to other means of communications?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Do we have effective mechanisms to immunize private organizations from political pressure to voluntarily share information? Particularly, a lot of small companies can now have a lot of information. Are they well equipped to resist political pressure</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Does the content/traffic data distinction still hold? Do we need a new framework for analysing the types of data produced as a natural byproduct of our online activities?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Can the MLAT regime form the basis for ensuring fundamental rights are respected in legitimate cross-border surveillance activities? If so, what would it take to have it reflect a baseline of protections?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Is it feasible to develop and formally adopt detailed limitations on state access at the international or regional level?</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Is cloud-based info susceptible to unauthorized state access in new ways? Is this something the law can fix (mandate encryption in storage or other safeguards)? Social engineering concerns?</li>
</ol>
<p><b>Background Reading:</b></p>
<ul>
<li> The Draft International Principles on Surveillance & Human Rights: <a href="http://necessaryandproportionate.org/">http://necessaryandproportionate.org/</a></li>
<li> Global Network Initiative, "Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy", <a href="http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/sites/default/files/GNI_-_Principles_1_.pdf">http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/sites/default/files/GNI_-_Principles_1_.pdf</a></li>
<li> I. Brown & D. Korff, “Digital Freedoms in International Law”, GNI 2012, <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/sites/default/files/Digital%20Freedoms%20in%20International%20Law.pdf">http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/sites/default/files/Digital%20Freedoms%20in%20International%20Law.pdf</a></li>
<li> J. McNamee, “Internet Intermediaries: The New Cyberpolice?”, GIS Watch, <a href="http://www.giswatch.org/sites/default/files/gisw_-_internet_intermediaries_-_the_new_cyber_police_.pdf">http://www.giswatch.org/sites/default/files/gisw_-_internet_intermediaries_-_the_new_cyber_police_.pdf</a></li>
<li> A. Escudero-Pascal & G. Hosein, "The Hazards of Technology-Neutral Policy: Questioning Lawful Access to Traffic Data", (2004) 47(3) ACM 77, <a href="http://web.it.kth.se/%7Eaep/PhD/docs/paper6-acm-1905-reviewed_20021022.pdf">http://web.it.kth.se/~aep/PhD/docs/paper6-acm-1905-reviewed_20021022.pdf</a></li>
<li> HRC, “Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights”, April 2008, A/HRC/8/5, <a href="http://198.170.85.29/Ruggie-report-7-Apr-2008.pdf">http://198.170.85.29/Ruggie-report-7-Apr-2008.pdf</a></li>
<li> HRC, “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework”, March 2011, A/HRC/7/31, <a href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/A-HRC-17-31_AEV.pdf">http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/A-HRC-17-31_AEV.pdf</a></li>
<li> ACLU, “New Justice Department Documents Show Huge Increase in Warrantless Electronic Surveillance”, Sept 2012, <a href="http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/new-justice-department-documents-show-huge-increase">http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/new-justice-department-documents-show-huge-increase</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Organiser(s) Name:</p>
<ul>
<li> Katitza Rodriguez, International Rights Director, Electronic Frontier Foundation (Peru)</li>
<li> Tamir Israel, Staff Lawyer, Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic (CIPPIC), University of Ottawa (Canada)</li>
</ul>
<p>Previous Workshop(s):</p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=WSProposalsReports2010View&wspid=66" title="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=WSProposalsReports2010View&wspid=66">http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=W...</a></li>
<li> <a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=Workshops2011View&wspid=160" title="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=Workshops2011View&wspid=160">http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=W...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Submitted Workshop Panelists:</p>
<p><b>Chair:</b> Katitza Rodriguez, International Rights Director, Electronic Frontier Foundation; (US/Peru) (Civil Society) / Confirmed</p>
<ul>
<li> Ian Brown, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford Internet Institute (EU) (Academic) / Confirmed</li>
<li> Bertrand de la Chapelle, Program Director at International Diplomatic Academy (EU) (Civil Society) / Confirmed</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; "> Marc Crandall, Global Compliance, Google (US) (Private Sector)</li>
<li> Elonnai Hickok, Policy Associate, Centre for Internet & Society (India) (Civil Society) /Confirmed</li>
<li> Sophie Kwasny, Head of Data Protection Unit, Data Protection & Cybercrime Division, Council of Europe (IGO) / Confirmed</li>
<li> Bruce Schneier, Chief Security Technology Officer of BT (US) (Private Sector) / Confirmed</li>
<li> Wendy Seltzer, Policy Counsel, W3C (US) (Technical Community) / Confirmed</li>
</ul>
<p>Name of Remote Moderator(s): Paul Muchene, iHub Nairobi (Kenya) (Private Sector) Assigned Panellists: <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/de-la-chapelle-bertrand">de La Chapelle - Bertrand</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/rodriguez-katitza">Rodriguez - Katitza</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/brown-ian">Brown - Ian</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/schneier-bruce">Schneier - Bruce</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/kwasny-sophie">KWASNY - Sophie</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/seltzer-wendy">Seltzer - Wendy</a> <a href="http://wsms1.intgovforum.org/2012/panellist/crandall-marc">Crandall - Marc</a></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/cloudy-jurisdiction-addressing-the-thirst-for-cloud-data-in-domestic-legeal-processes'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/cloudy-jurisdiction-addressing-the-thirst-for-cloud-data-in-domestic-legeal-processes</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-09T01:00:49ZNews ItemThe Privatisation of Censorship: The Online Responsibility to Protect Free Expression
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/privatisation-of-censorship
<b>Pranesh Prakash was a panelist at this workshop organised on November 5, 2012. It was organized by Index on Censorship.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Much is known about state censorship, but increasingly private corporations are implementing censorship either at the behest of governments, or as part of a ‘walled garden’ approach. This censorship takes many guises: whether the proactive take-down of entirely legal material, the blocking of websites by overly zealous ISPs, mobile filters that cut access to websites such as Index on Censorship and the use of surveillance technology on behalf of autocratic states. The combination of state-led censorship with the privatisation of censorship requires a debate on the responsibilities of corporations and the framework needed to protect free expression online.<br /><br />This side session will focus on two key areas:<br />1. Take-down, blocking and filtering of content<br />2. The export of surveillance technology, privacy<br /><br />The panel will explore the ways in which the above can affect free expression online, and how civil society, governments and corporations can and should approach these issues, addressing the following questions:<br /><br />1. Whether, why and in what ways censorship and surveillance is either as or more pervasive, intrusive and chilling than offline, and the impact on free speech and press freedom?<br />2. The inappropriate, intrusive or excessive use of filters and firewalls including how these impact directly and indirectly on access to media and the nature of news provision<br />3. Criminalisation of free speech and free expression – chilling use of takedown requests (impacting on public online debates, on media freedom including investigative journalism), and constraints on comment and debate (twitter, trolls, comment threads etc);<br />4. Excessive and blanket surveillance and data-gathering<br />5. Regulations and laws including intermediary responsibility that curtail digital free speech<br /><br />Chair:<br />Michael Harris, Head of Advocacy, Index on Censorship<br /><br />Panelists:</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify; ">
<li>Dr Hosein Badran, Regional Chief Technology Officer, Cisco Systems International, covering MENA</li>
<li>Pranesh Prakash, Policy Director at the Centre for Internet and Society</li>
<li>Abhilash Nair, Northumbria University, UK</li>
<li>Camino Manjon Sierra, International Relations Policy Officer, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, European Commission</li>
<li>Andrew Puddephatt, Global Partners and Associates</li>
</ul>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/privatisation-of-censorship'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/privatisation-of-censorship</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaFreedom of Speech and ExpressionInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-12-09T01:48:13ZNews ItemNew Trends in Industry Self-Governance
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/new-trends-in-industry-self-governance
<b>Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, UK and Media Change & Innovation Division, IPMZ, University of Zurich, Switzerland and Nominet, UK is organising this workshop on November 7, 2012 at the seventh annual IGF meeting to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. This workshop will be held in Conference Room 2, from 4.30 p.m. to 6.00 p.m. Sunil Abraham is one of the panelists at this workshop. </b>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Concise description of the proposed workshop</b>:<br />Informal rule setting still plays a significant role in Internet governance. Non-governmental governance can occur at two levels: by shared rules negotiated through bodies like ICANN, and via private ordering by individual firms with significant market power. This panel will explore these two levels drawing on research into ICANN and two recent cases: the Google Books [non-] settlement, and several governments’ demands that service providers such as Research In Motion and Facebook give local law enforcement agencies access to user communications. <br /> <br /> Google’s project to digitize, index, and later to sell access to large numbers of out-of-print books is a leading example of an Internet-triggered shift from public to private regulation and the declining authority of copyright law. It triggered a major international controversy encompassing three class action lawsuits, a proposed and subsequently amended settlement by the litigating parties, more than 400 filings by class-members and "friends of the court" (including the French and German governments), two court hearings, various conferences, innumerous blog entries and articles. A New York federal district court ultimately rejected a proposed settlement between Google and representatives of book authors and publishers, stating that the issues would be “more appropriately decided by Congress than through an agreement among private, self-interested parties."<br /> <br /> While almost all states allow law enforcement agencies to intercept Internet communications, the growing use of encryption has restricted access to in-transit communications and social networking data. The governments of India and several Middle Eastern nations have all pressed Research In Motion to allow police access to BlackBerry encrypted messages, threatening otherwise to shut down services. RIM has installed local servers in several countries to meet these demands. The Indian government is reportedly now looking at encrypted services provided by Google and Skype. These and other online services, often hosted in the US, receive frequent requests from foreign law enforcement agencies for user data. Such requests have no statutory force, but may be voluntarily granted under US law – raising questions about user privacy and the oversight of this access.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">These cases have much wider implications for other Internet services and users around the world. The proposed workshop will facilitate a multi-stakeholder exploration of these implications.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Four researchers will give precise, provocative five-minute opening statements on the key lessons for Internet rule setting from these cases. Each speaker will pose three specific questions on the accountability, viability and efficiency of these governance structures. These questions will kick-off roundtable discussion between the panelists from government, civil society, business and the technical community. The objective will be to draw out further lessons in how the public interest can best be protected in informal Internet governance processes, with contributions and questions from workshop and remote participants.representing official positions.</p>
<p><b>Background Paper</b>:</p>
<p><b>Name of the organiser(s) of the workshop and their affiliation to various stakeholder groups:</b><br />Ian Brown, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford<br /> William Drake, University of Zurich Business, technical community, Civil Society, government co-sponsors in process (TBD)</p>
<p><b>Have you, or any of your co-organisers, organised an IGF workshop before?</b>: Yes<b><br />Please provide link(s) to workshop(s) or report(s):</b><a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/index.php/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=Workshopsreports2009View&curr=1&wr=84"><br />http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/index.php/component/chronocontact/?chronoformname=Workshopsreports2009View&curr=1&wr=84</a></p>
<p><b>Provide the names and affiliations of the panellists you are planning to invite:</b><br />Sunil Abraham, Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore<br />Ian Brown, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford (Moderator)<br />William Drake, University of Zurich<br />Jeanette Hoffman, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin<br />Emily Taylor, Independent Consultant, UK<br />Rolf Weber, University of Zurich<br />Google representative TBC<br />Government representative TBC</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/new-trends-in-industry-self-governance'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/new-trends-in-industry-self-governance</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaInternet Governance ForumInternet Governance2012-10-04T11:37:54ZNews Item