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Commemorating Ulo Senthamizh Kodai (1945 - 2024): A Luminary of Tamil Open Knowledge Movement
http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/commemorating-ulo-senthamizh-kodai-1945-2024-a-luminary-of-tamil-open-knowledge-movement
<b>பயன்தூக்கார் செய்த உதவி நயன்தூக்கின்
நன்மை கடலின் பெரிது. (௱௩ - 103)
திருவள்ளுவர் (Payandhookkaar Seydha Udhavi Nayandhookkin
Nanmai Katalin Peridhu (Transliteration). The contribution made without weighing the return, When weighed, outweighs the sea.
- Thiruvalluvar</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">With deep sorrow, we announce the passing of Ulo Senthamizh Kodai (December 22, 1945 – February 1, 2024), a distinguished technologist, author, academician, and prolific contributor to the Tamil Wikipedia community.[1] Born on December 22, 1945, in the village of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvallur_district" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Puducherrypalli</a> in Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India, He devoted his life to engineering, science, and promoting scientific knowledge in Tamil.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Ulo Senthamizh Kodai earned his Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Engineering,_Guindy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Guindy Engineering College</a> and a Master's degree from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSG_College_of_Technology" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">PSG College of Technology</a> in Coimbatore. His illustrious 33-year career at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNEB" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tamil Nadu Electricity Board</a> included earning a Ph.D. He authored the acclaimed book "<a href="https://www.noolulagam.com/tamil-book/1188/makkal-ariviyal-ilakiyam-nokkum-pokkum-book-type-ilakiyam/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Makkal Ariviyal Ilakkiyam: Nokkum Pokkum</a>" and received the Tamil Nadu Government's award for best book in engineering and technology in 2007.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Passionate about Tamil Nadu's science and technology history, Ulo Senthamizh Kodai contributed extensively to scientific vocabulary in Tamil. He served on the editorial board of the <a href="http://www.aubit.edu.in/library/Journals_magazines.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bharathidasan University Journal of Science and Technology</a> and significantly contributed to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Virtual_Academy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tamil Virtual Academy</a>'s glossary of technical terms.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">In addition to academia, He was a luminary in the Tamil Wikipedia community, starting his contributions in 2014. He created over 2000 articles and had an edit count of 28513 in <a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tamil Wikipedia</a>, focusing mainly on scientific articles. He was actively involved until his final days, participating in discussions and editing articles until January 29, 2024.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Ulo Senthamizh Kodai leaves behind a legacy continued by his son Vanchi. His impact on Tamil science and the Wikipedia community is immeasurable, with notable contributions to projects like the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/100wikidays" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">100 WikiDays</a> and the Tamil Teachers' Articles Cleanup Drive.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Members of the Tamil Wikipedia community mourn his passing. Fellow Wikipedian Mahalingam noted, "The passing of Ulo Senthamizh Kodai is a great loss to us all." Former colleague Jambulingam remembered his dedication and encouragement, while longtime contributor K. Murthy recalled Ulo Senthamizh Kodai's resilience despite physical challenges.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Ulo Senthamizh Kodai's contributions were recognized with accolades, including featuring on the main page of Tamil Wikipedia in 2016 and various barnstars and medals from fellow Wikipedians.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">As we bid farewell to Ulo Senthamizh Kodai, we remember him not only for his significant contributions to Tamil science and Wikipedia but also for his unwavering dedication to knowledge, education, and the Tamil language. His passing leaves a void in the community, and he will be dearly missed.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">We are planning to host a condolence meeting online and we will soon provide information about that. We encourage people to share their memories/experiences of their association with Ulo Senthamizh Kodai on this thread.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Tamil Wikimedians & CIS-A2K.</p>
<p dir="ltr">[1] <a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Biographical Article about Ulo Senthamizh Kodai</a> in Tamil Wikipedia</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify; ">[2] <a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B.%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Userpage of Ulo Senthamizh Kodai</a> in Tamil Wikipedia</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/commemorating-ulo-senthamizh-kodai-1945-2024-a-luminary-of-tamil-open-knowledge-movement'>http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/commemorating-ulo-senthamizh-kodai-1945-2024-a-luminary-of-tamil-open-knowledge-movement</a>
</p>
No publisherpavanA2K ResearchWikipediaAccess to Knowledge2024-02-08T14:59:50ZBlog EntryUsing the Wikimedia sphere for the revitalization of small and underrepresented languages in India
http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/using-wikimedia-sphere-for-revitalization-of-small-and-underrepresented-languages-in-india
<b>This report explores opportunities within the Wikimedia movement and projects to help revitalise small and underrepresented languages in India and provide recommendations to CIS’s Access to Knowledge team in furthering this effort. The report is mainly based on a roundtable conversation on Digital Access in Bhubaneswar with a diverse range of backgrounds and professions, including independent researchers, representatives from non-profit organizations, retired government officials, Wikimedia contributors (both Odia and Santali), ecological activists, directors of research institutes, consultants, and journalists. This was organized by the Access to Knowledge team of CIS in collaboration with Vasundhara, Bhubaneswar.</b>
<p>This strategic note discusses a broad program idea of offering barrier-free open access to resources in various underrepresented languages in India.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages">Austroasiatic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages">Sino–Tibetan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages">Tai–Kadai</a>, and a few other minor language families and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_isolate">isolates</a>. According to the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php"><span>UNESCO endangerment classification</span></a> is as follows:</p>
<ol> </ol><ol>
<li><i>Vulnerable</i>: most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home)</li>
<li><i>Definitely endangered</i>: children no longer learn the language as a 'mother tongue' in the home</li>
<li><i>Severely endangered</i>: language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves</li>
<li><i>Critically endangered</i>: the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently</li>
<li><i>Extinct</i>: there are no speakers left</li>
</ol><ol> </ol>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">North-East India is home to more than 200 languages, out of which 82 are listed as <i>Vulnerable</i>, 63 as <i>Definitely Endangered</i>, 6 as <i>Severely Endangered</i>, 46 as <i>Critically Endangered </i>and 6 as <i>Extinct </i>(<a href="https://www.kaggle.com/the-guardian/extinct-languages"><span>The Guardian Dataset</span></a>). Arunachal Pradesh is the state with the highest number of languages, with as many as 66 languages spoken there, while West Bengal has the highest number of scripts, nine, and around 38 languages.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The state of Odisha has 62 Scheduled Tribes who speak as many as 74 dialects. Their ethos, ideology, worldview, value orientations and cultural heritage are rich and varied. Odisha has the unique distinction of having 93 different Scheduled Caste communities spread over 30 districts and 314 blocks of the state having different dialects. Apart from the languages of the North-East and the state of Odisha, there are several other languages all over India that deserve better representation on the Internet. While a handful of these languages enjoy status and visibility as official languages of the states and thereby hold some currency as widely spoken languages in their linguistic territories, there are many more languages that do not have speakers counting beyond a few hundred. Examples include the Bellari language (Spoken in Karnataka by 1000 speakers), the Toda language (Spoken in Tamil Nadu by 1600 speakers) and the Naiki language (Spoken in Maharashtra by 1500 speakers). What these languages do share in common with the languages of the North-East mentioned earlier is that they all lack free and open source knowledge and data.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Some of these languages are the official languages of the states and are widely spoken in this region. On the other hand, some of the languages have a few hundred native speakers. However, irrespective of the size of the native population or official status of the language, they all lack free and open source knowledge & data.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">These languages show a range of marked cross-linguistic features which pose several interesting questions to Linguistic theories and speech processing research. Moreover, the close geographical proximity of these languages makes them vulnerable to changes in multiple linguistic levels, making these languages an excellent resource to study language change. Despite this, these languages severely lack digital preservation. One of the major reasons that contribute to the lack of resources is the difficulty in human access to some of the areas in these regions. Moreover, with English and Hindi being used as a lingua franca in these regions, the actual number of speakers proficient in their native language is much fewer than the number shown in the census reports. This makes it more important than ever to initiate a preservation process which does not primarily depend on fieldwork while also increasing the presence of the language in the digital sphere.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">As language technologies advance and more sophisticated tools are built using Artificial Intelligence, the divide between low resource languages and others is likely to get even larger as a common prerequisite of these advanced systems is the existence of a large amount of digital data. Low resource languages are at a risk of being left behind.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Research on these languages by researchers are mostly conducted by collecting data personally, which causes a huge hindrance to the research process, as most of it remains as a private collection or published in closed journals. Moreover, data collection through fieldwork is particularly challenging in this region due to the restricted access to most of the disturbed areas.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The goal of this program is to facilitate the study of these languages by making existing resources discoverable and building open-source structured datasets and tools using the Wikimedia sphere to enrich the language research landscape of small and underrepresented Indian languages.</p>
<p><b>Role of CIS-A2K</b></p>
<ul>
<li>To design and commission relevant research studies in collaboration with language communities to define the premises of the program. The plan is to work with languages which are being written in single or multiple scripts in the pilot phase.</li>
<li>To develop strategies regarding the integration of language datasets with Wikimedia projects</li>
<li>Skill building of volunteers and community leaders in Wikimedia projects</li>
<li>Structure of local knowledge to be compiled for contribution</li>
<li>To identify the specific Wiki projects such as Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, Lingua Libre etc to build the archives of these languages</li>
<li>Designing outreach and knowledge dissemination processes</li>
<li>To develop partnerships with other academic, social, cultural and research institutions in the language sector for the sustainability of the project</li>
<li>Material support - Sound recorders, microphones, hard discs, laptop, scanner, internet hardware</li>
<li>Financial support - Remuneration of intern/fellow, internet data recharge</li>
</ul>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Specific objectives</b></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<ol> </ol><ol>
<li>Empowering the communities by enhancing digital literacy and connecting them with the world of knowledge and people outside.</li>
<li>Revitalizing/enriching the languages by increasing their use, coverage and depth using technological interventions.</li>
<li>Creating an ecosystem for developing language learning resources and tools; particularly, in the context of the New Education Policy.</li>
<li>Enabling scholars and researchers to overcome the challenge of finding appropriate data and expanding the knowledge on these languages.</li>
<li>By using the Wikimedia sphere, the infrastructural and technological support is secured, so that these languages are able to function in the digital world.</li>
</ol><ol> </ol>
<p>It is important to realise that these objectives can introduce new dynamics into other spheres of activity, such as education and the development of language.</p>
<p><b>Methodology</b></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p>Our target languages broadly belong to two sets:</p>
<ol>
<li>Languages which are primarily spoken in various states of India and have some or no digital presence on the internet.</li>
<li>Endangered languages which have extremely limited or no digital presence.</li>
</ol>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Survey of ongoing work</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Several individuals and institutions are working on languages across the globe. There are significant initiatives in India also to revitalise the small languages in the digital sphere. Some of these are listed in the reference section at the end. An exhaustive survey of all such efforts will be done to map the present status as well as a listing of stakeholders. The target languages for A2K’s future work and the potential collaborators will also be identified through these exercises.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Digital Dictionary Making</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">A dictionary is a vital resource for any language learning. The idea of collaborative dictionaries using platforms like Wiktionary or Wikidata Lexemes eliminates the need for expert lexicographers and terminologists and rather follows the method in which the users enter data as new entries, definitions, and so on, and the same is reviewed by editors, once published. An offline e-dictionary application using this dataset could be developed to overcome the problem of sparse internet connectivity where the user is only expected to download & install the application once and use the dictionary offline at any moment.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Data Acquisition Strategies</b></p>
<ol> </ol><ol>
<li>Leveraging Crowdsourcing using <a href="https://lingualibre.org/wiki/LinguaLibre:Main_Page"><span>LinguaLibre</span></a> for the creation of Speech CorporaGiven the scarcity of text and speech corpora for these low-resource languages, the main potential source for dataset creation is by crowdsourcing.</li>
<li>Using Optical Character Recognition techniques -</li>
</ol>
<p>The digitisation of texts in the public domain would be done and made available freely by uploading them on Wikimedia projects. The digital copy will be made machine-readable using Optical Character Recognition (OCR).</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Processing the acquired data</b></p>
<ol>
<li>Preprocess</li>
<li>Processing Speech Corpora</li>
<li>Processing Bilingual Parallel text Corpora</li>
</ol>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Housing datasets</b></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wiki Commons</span></a> for media files</li>
<li><a><span>Wikidata</span></a> for Lexemes</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikisource</span></a> for texts</li>
</ol>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Capacity Building workshops</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Promoting the language among the young speakers of the community, since they are the future of the language and if it survives, it will belong to them.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Help language speakers possess up-to-date digital competencies and feel confident about them to actively participate in the digital world and increase content in their own native language.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Promoting contributions on platforms like <a href="https://storyweaver.org.in/"><span>Storyweaver</span></a>, <a href="https://prathambooks.org/"><span>Pratham Books</span></a>, <a href="https://www.eklavya.in/index.php/about-us-eklavya"><span>Eklavya</span></a> etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>Promote the upskilling of native speakers and other disseminators</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Facilitate knowledge exchange through participatory mechanisms both virtually and face-to-face.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The potential communities would be introduced to <a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page"><span>Incubator</span></a> for building new Wikimedia projects</li>
</ul>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Educational development</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Applying Open access philosophy to advance language pedagogy.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Develop language learning resources and tools, particularly, in the context of the New Education Policy.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>References</b></p>
<ol>
<li>Wikipedia articles</li>
<li>SCSTRTI, Odisha - <a href="https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/resources/mle-initiative/bilingual-dictionaries"><span>https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/resources/mle-initiative/bilingual-dictionaries</span></a></li>
<li>Most populous languages of Odisha - <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Languages_of_Odisha.svg"><span>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Languages_of_Odisha.svg</span></a> </li>
<li>People’s Linguistic Survey of India - <a href="https://www.peopleslinguisticsurvey.org/"><span>https://www.peopleslinguisticsurvey.org/</span></a></li>
<li>The state and fate of linguistic diversity and inclusion in the NLP world - <a href="https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.560/"><span>https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.560/</span></a></li>
<li>Bhasha India - <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/bhashaindia"><span>https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/bhashaindia</span></a> </li>
<li>Omniglot - <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/index.htm"><span>https://www.omniglot.com/index.htm</span></a></li>
<li>Bharatavani - <a href="https://bharatavani.in/"><span>https://bharatavani.in/</span></a></li>
<li>Storyweaver - <a href="https://storyweaver.org.in/"><span>https://storyweaver.org.in/</span></a> </li>
<li>Dimasa Thairili - <a href="https://www.dimasathairili.com/"><span>https://www.dimasathairili.com/</span></a></li>
<li>SIL International - <a href="https://www.sil.org/"><span>https://www.sil.org/</span></a></li>
<li>Ethnologue - <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/"><span>https://www.ethnologue.com/</span></a></li>
<li>Global Recordings Network - <a href="https://globalrecordings.net/en/"><span>https://globalrecordings.net/en/</span></a></li>
<li>Glottolog - <a href="https://glottolog.org/"><span>https://glottolog.org/</span></a></li>
<li>Endangered Languages Project - <a href="https://endangeredlanguages.com/"><span>https://endangeredlanguages.com/</span></a></li>
</ol>
<hr />
<p>This is a report by Subodh Kulkarni with editorial oversight and support by Tanveer Hasan and Soni Wadhwa. Click to download the PDF <a class="external-link" href="http://cis-india.org/a2k/files/underrepresented-languages-and-wikimedia-projects.pdf">here</a>.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/using-wikimedia-sphere-for-revitalization-of-small-and-underrepresented-languages-in-india'>http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/using-wikimedia-sphere-for-revitalization-of-small-and-underrepresented-languages-in-india</a>
</p>
No publishersubodhCIS-A2KAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaA2K Research2024-02-10T04:35:45ZBlog EntryWikipedia Workshop in Mangalore — Report in Kannada Prabha
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/kannada-prabha-april-10-2013-mangalore-wikipedia-workshop-report
<b>A workshop was conducted for students of Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangalore by Dr. U.B.Pavanaja on April 9, 2013. Kannada Prabha published a report about this on the following day, April 10, 2013. </b>
<p>Below is a scanned version of the report published in Kannada Prabha on April 10, 2013:</p>
<table class="listing">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="http://editors.cis-india.org/home-images/Kannada.png" alt="Coverage in Kannada Prabha" class="image-inline" title="Coverage in Kannada Prabha" /></th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/kannada-prabha-april-10-2013-mangalore-wikipedia-workshop-report'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/kannada-prabha-april-10-2013-mangalore-wikipedia-workshop-report</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessWikipediaWikimedia2013-04-16T04:11:11ZNews Itemವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಬಳಕೆಯಿಂದ ನಮ್ಮ ಭಾಷೆ ಮತ್ತು ಶೈಲಿ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ - ಡಾ. ಯು.ಬಿ. ಪವನಜ
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/mangalorean-dotcom-august-13-2015
<b>The Centre for Internet & Society (CIS-A2K) has ongoing partnership with SDM College, Ujire. Students of Masters in Communication and Journalism will be writing articles in Kannada Wikipedia. This academic year’s programme was inaugurated on August 12. It was followed by hands-on workshop. Mangalorean.com, a Karnataka portal has reported this on August 13, 2015.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This was published online by <a class="external-link" href="http://www.mangalorean.com/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A3-%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A6-%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95-%E0%B2%AA/">mangalorean.com</a> on August 13, 2015.</p>
<hr />
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಬರವಣಿಗೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿ<br /><br />ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಎಲ್ಲರಿಗೂ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಾಲಕ್ಕೂ ಲಭ್ಯ ಇರುವ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಹಾಗೂ ಮುಕ್ತ ವೀಶ್ವಕೋಶವಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದನ್ನು ಯಾರು ಬೇಕಾದರೂ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ಪ್ರಜಾವಾಣಿ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಯ ಅಂಕಣಕಾರ ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಡಾ. ಯು.ಬಿ. ಪವನಜ ಹೇಳಿದರು.<br /><br />ಉಜಿರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಸ್ವಾಯತ್ತ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಗುರುವಾರ ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮ ವಿಭಾಗದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಬರವಣಿಗೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ನೀಡಿ ಅವರು ಮಾತನಾಡಿದರು.<br /><br />ಗೂಗಲ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಸಿಗುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅದು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಯಾವುದೇ ಪ್ರಕರಣ ಘಟಿಸಿದ ತಕ್ಷಣ ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಅದು ನವೀಕರಣ ಆಗುತ್ತದೆ.<br /><br />2001ರಲ್ಲಿ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಗೊಂಡ ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಪಂಚನದ 290 ಭಾಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಲಭ್ಯ ಇದೆ. 2003ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಬರವಣಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಗಿದೆ. ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕೌಶಲ ಬೆಳೆಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು ಎಂದು ಸಲಹೆ ನೀಡಿದ ಅವರು ವಿಕಿಪಿಡಿಯಾ ಬಳಕೆಯಿಂದ ನಮ್ಮ ಭಾಷೆ ಮತ್ತು ಶೈಲಿ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಕ್ರೋಢೀಕರಣ ಮತ್ತು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖವೂ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಹೇಳಿದರು.<br /><br />ಪತ್ರಕರ್ತರು ನಿರಂತರ ಅಧ್ಯಯನಶೀಲರಾಗಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಬೇಕು. ಭಾಷೆ ಬಳಸಿದಾಗ ಅದು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತದೆ ಹಾಗೂ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಂಸ್ಕøತಿ ಉಳಿಯುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯಪಟ್ಟರು.<br /><br />ಕಾಲೇಜಿನ ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮ ವಿಭಾಗದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ ಪ್ರೊ. ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ ಉಪಸ್ಥಿತರಿದ್ದರು.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/mangalorean-dotcom-august-13-2015'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/mangalorean-dotcom-august-13-2015</a>
</p>
No publisherpavanajaWikimediaWikipediaKannada WikipediaAccess to Knowledge2016-06-18T18:21:44ZNews ItemWikipedia edit-a-thon in Mangalore to bring Tulu Wikipedia live
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/wikipedia-edit-a-thon-in-mangalore-to-bring-tulu-wikipedia-live
<b>A Wikipedia edit-a-thon was organised in Mangalore, Karnataka this 14th to encourage more Tulu-language speakers to contribute to Tulu Wikipedia. Tulu Wikipedia is is currently in the Incubator but the enthusiastic editor community is putting their best effort to bring it live out of Incubator. This edit-a-thon is one of the many activities the Tulu Wikimedia community has organised.</b>
<p>30 Wikipedia editors participated and created about 89 new articles. Interestingly, 12 of these 30 participants crossed more than 10 edits. Some of the new participants faced problems with using the<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input_methods#Kannada"> input methods</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup">Wiki-markup</a>. It is important to note that because of the lack of addition of Tulu-alphabet code points in the Unicode chart, and the speakers being well conversant in Kannada, they are using Kannada script for Tulu Wikipedia Incubator project. There is a plan to organise a monthly meetup and/or edit-a-thon to continue the momentum these editors have brought in. <a href="http://www.tuluacademy.org/en/">Tulu Sahitya Academy</a> has kindly supported the event.</p>
More details in the <a class="external-link" href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/tcy/ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಕಜ್ಜಕೊಟ್ಯ-5">event page</a> (in Tulu).
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/wikipedia-edit-a-thon-in-mangalore-to-bring-tulu-wikipedia-live'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/wikipedia-edit-a-thon-in-mangalore-to-bring-tulu-wikipedia-live</a>
</p>
No publisherpavanajaWikimediaWikipediaWorkshopOpennessTulu Wikipedia2015-09-15T09:07:24ZBlog EntryWorkshop on digital collaborations in Tamil-language, Tamil Virtual University, Chennai
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/workshop-on-digital-collaborations-in-tamil-language-tamil-virtual-university-chennai
<b>A two-day workshop on digital collaborations in Tamil-language has been organised by Tamil Virtual University, Anna University Campus, Chennai. I have been invited to participate in this event on behalf of the CIS-A2K programme.</b>
<p>The discussions are going to be in four major topics:</p>
<ol id="docs-internal-guid-331156a9-cb12-ecf3-00ac-68e737218172"><li style="list-style-type: decimal;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Digitization:</p>
</li>
<ol><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Books and Digital Library</p>
</li><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Manuscripts, Inscriptions, Documents, Paintings and Archival of documents</p>
</li></ol>
<li style="list-style-type: decimal;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Research and Development:</p>
</li>
<ol><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Natural Language Process</p>
</li><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Video / Speech synthesizer, Spell checker</p>
</li><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Corpus and Lexicon</p>
</li></ol>
<li style="list-style-type: decimal;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">E-learning:</p>
</li>
<ol><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Developing appropriate and region specific syllabus</p>
</li><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Mobile computing and applications development</p>
</li></ol>
<li style="list-style-type: decimal;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Open source and Outreach:</p>
</li>
<ol><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">
<p dir="ltr">Tamil computing organisations and Wikipedia</p>
</li><li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" dir="ltr">Policy of Open source software</li></ol>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/workshop-on-digital-collaborations-in-tamil-language-tamil-virtual-university-chennai'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/workshop-on-digital-collaborations-in-tamil-language-tamil-virtual-university-chennai</a>
</p>
No publisherpavanajaWikipedia2016-06-18T18:13:56ZEvent"Sau Dhuni Teen" project: Wikipedia workshop in TISS, Mumbai
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/sau-dhuni-teen-project-wikipedia-workshop-in-tiss-mumbai
<b>A two-day multilingual Wikipedia workshop is being planned to be organised at the Women's Studies Department of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai during the 22nd through the 24th August.</b>
Under the scope of the "<a class="external-link" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CIS-A2K_/Projects/Sau_Dhuni_Teen">Sau Dhuni Teen</a>" project, student and faculty volunteers of TISS will contribute in creating/editing Wikipedia articles in about notable people, books and concepts relating to women's studies, gender studies, and more broadly, interdisciplinary social sciences.
The event is being organised in collaboration with Centre for Indian Languages in Higher Education (CILHE).
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/sau-dhuni-teen-project-wikipedia-workshop-in-tiss-mumbai'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/sau-dhuni-teen-project-wikipedia-workshop-in-tiss-mumbai</a>
</p>
No publishergaruleOpennessWikipediaWikimedia2016-03-16T11:31:36ZEventJournalism Students of the SDM College Ujire Enrich Karnataka’s Folklore And Folk Art in Kannada Wikipedia
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/journalism-students-of-the-shree-dharmasthala-manjunatheshwara-sdm-college-ujire-enrich-karnataka2019s-folklore-and-folk-art-in-kannada-wikipedia
<b>As part of an ongoing partnership with the Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College Ujjire, with active support from a few Kannada Wikipedia editors, CIS-A2K began an outreach programme so that the journalism students could help many Kannada readers about Karnataka’s rich folklore and folk art.</b>
<p id="docs-internal-guid-e599ce9d-d03b-a6b5-0c6a-3e6664727eb0" dir="ltr">Both first year and second year students of Master of Communication and Journalism (MCJ) of SDM College participated in this workshop. Out of 35 participants, 11 were female. Students had discussed already about enhancing Kannada Wikipedia articles on folklore and folk art forms of Karnataka. About 20 new user accounts were created and the students have started creating articles in their user <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox">sandboxes</a> which they will later move as articles upon enhancement with vital information. Some of the students chose to find existing articles and add more information to them. Long time Kannada Wikimedian <a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:VASANTH S.N.">S N Vasanthkn</a>. from Dharmasthala helped as resource person to help the new editors with Wikipedia editing. However, as first timers, many struggled with the encyclopedic way of writing and maintaining <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view">neutral point of view</a>. These students will be mentored by Vasanth as he is visiting them every Monday.</p>
<p> </p>
<p dir="ltr">More details from the <a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/s/1cpm">event </a>page.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/journalism-students-of-the-shree-dharmasthala-manjunatheshwara-sdm-college-ujire-enrich-karnataka2019s-folklore-and-folk-art-in-kannada-wikipedia'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/blog-old/journalism-students-of-the-shree-dharmasthala-manjunatheshwara-sdm-college-ujire-enrich-karnataka2019s-folklore-and-folk-art-in-kannada-wikipedia</a>
</p>
No publisherpavanajaOpennessWikipediaKannada WikipediaWikimedia2015-09-15T09:09:12ZBlog EntryOdia Wikipedia 9th Anniversary Celebration
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/odia-wikipedia-9th-anniversary-celebration
<b>The Centre for Internet & Society, New Delhi is celebrating the ninth anniversary of Odia Wikipedia. The event is being held at Academy of Media Learning, M-6, Samanta Vihar in Bhubaneswar from 10.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span><span class="fsl"> ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ, ଅନଲାଇନରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷାର ଏକ ମୁକ୍ତ ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷର ୯ମ ବାର୍ଷିକ ଜନ୍ମତିଥି ୨୯ ଜାନୁଆରୀରେ ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵରର ଏକାଡେମି ଅଫ ମିଡ଼ିଆ ଲର୍ଣ୍ଣିଙ୍ଗରେ ଅପରାହ୍ଣ ୪ ଘଟିକା ସମୟରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ହେବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି । ଏହି ଅବସରରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ ପରିବାର ଆପଣମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମରେ ଭାଗ ନେଇ ଏହାକୁ ସାଫଲ୍ୟମଣ୍ଡିତ କରିବାକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରୁଛି ।</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span><span class="fsl">ଏଥିରେ ଆମେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆର ଉପଯୋଗୀତା, ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଓ ଆପଣ କିପରି ଏଥିରେ ଭାଗ ନେଇପାରିବେ ଓ ଜ୍ଞାନ ବିତରଣର ଏହି ମହାପ୍ରବାହ ସାମିଲ ହୋଇପାରିବେ ସେ ବାବଦରେ ଜାଣିପାରିବେ । ଏଥିରେ ଭାଗ ନେବା ପାଇଁ ଏହି ଅନଲାଇନ ଫର୍ମଟିକୁ ଭରନ୍ତୁ: <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fgoo.gl%2Fq5vnA&h=FAQEgTac3&s=1" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">http://goo.gl/q5vnA</a></span></span></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.82.E0.AC.B3_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.99.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.97_.28Agenda.29">Agenda</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Introducing Wikipedia</li>
<li>Celebrating Odia Wikipedia's 9th birthday!</li>
<li>Current status of Odia Wikipedia and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Wikiprojects" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Wikiprojects">WikiProjects</a></li>
<li>Press meet</li>
</ul>
<h3>Organizers</h3>
<p><a href="http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80:Odisha1" title="ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Odisha1">ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ ବେହେରା<br />ଶ୍ରୀକାନ୍ତ କେଡ଼ିଆ<br /><b></b></a><b><a href="http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80:Psubhashish" title="ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Psubhashish"><span>ସୁଭାସିସ<span>ପାଣିଗାହି</span></span></a></b><b><a href="http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80:Psubhashish" title="ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ:Psubhashish"><span><span></span></span></a></b></p>
<ul>
</ul>
<hr />
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Register for this event <a class="external-link" href="http://bitly.com/bbsrwiki">here</a></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/odia-wikipedia-9th-anniversary-celebration'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/odia-wikipedia-9th-anniversary-celebration</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessWikipediaEventWikimedia2013-01-24T09:52:13ZEventOdia Wikipedia's 10th anniversary at Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), Bhubaneswar
http://editors.cis-india.org/events/odia-wikipedia-tenth-anniversary-kalinga-institute-of-social-sciences-bhubaneswar
<b>The Centre for Internet and Society's Access to Knowledge along with the Odia Wikipedia community invite you to the tenth anniversary celebrations of Odia Wikipedia t Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, Bhubaneswar on January 28, 2014 from 10.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span><span class="fsl">କିଛି ଦିନ ତଳେ କଳିଙ୍ଗ ଇନଷ୍ଟିଚ୍ୟୁଟ ଅଫ ସୋସିଆଲ ସାଇନ୍ସେସଠାରେ କର୍ମଶାଳା ଓ ସହବନ୍ଧନ ପରେ ସେଠାର କର୍ତ୍ତୃପକ୍ଷ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତଥା ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ ଆମ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆର ୧୦ମ ଜନ୍ମତିଥି ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ ପରିସରରେ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ମୁଁ ଏଥିରେ କେତେଜଣ ବରିଷ୍ଠ ଭାଷା ଗବେଷକ ଓ ଭାଷାବିଦମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଥିଲି । ଏଯାବତ ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ରାଲ ଇନଷ୍ଟିଚ୍ୟୁଟ ଅଫ ଇଣ୍ଡିଆନ ଲାଙ୍ଗୁଏଜେସ (CIIL), ମହୀଶୂରର ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା ଓ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷାବିଦ ପଦ୍ମଶ୍ରୀ ଦେବୀପ୍ରସନ୍ନ ପଟୃନାୟକ, ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଏକାଡେମୀର ଅବାହକ ଓ ଭାଷାବିଦ ଡ. ଗୌରହରି ଦାସ ତଥା ଭାଷା ଗବେଷକ ସୁବ୍ରତ ପୃଷ୍ଟି ସମ୍ମତି ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଦୟାକରି ସମସ୍ତେ ନିଜ ତରଫରୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଧିକ ବରିଷ୍ଠ ଗବେହକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିବା ସହିତ ଏଥିରେ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣ କରି ଏହି ସାମୁହିକ ଉଦ୍ୟମକୁ ଫଳବତୀ କରାଇବାରେ ସହଯୋଗ କରିବେ ।</span></span></p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/events/odia-wikipedia-tenth-anniversary-kalinga-institute-of-social-sciences-bhubaneswar'>http://editors.cis-india.org/events/odia-wikipedia-tenth-anniversary-kalinga-institute-of-social-sciences-bhubaneswar</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaOpennessEvent2014-01-30T12:01:22ZEventRise of the bot: all you need to know about the latest threat online
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/hindustan-times-january-5-2014-danish-raza-rise-of-the-bot
<b>In the last week of December, 2013, former union railway minister Pawan Kumar Bansal lodged a police complaint in Chandigarh after witnessing “an unusual rise in his online fan following”. The former minister told the police that his Facebook page had received more than 10,000 likes, within a span of 24 hours. While his allegation that the ‘likes’ were “fabricated” may be true, information technology experts believe a bot was at work.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The article by Danish Raza was <a class="external-link" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/socialmedia-updates/rise-of-the-bot-all-you-need-to-know-about-internet-s-latest-threat/article1-1169500.aspx">published in the Hindustan Times</a> on January 5, 2014. Snehashish Ghosh is quoted.</p>
<hr />
<p style="text-align: justify; ">A bot is a software that mimics human behaviour on the Internet. Bots can be used to create artificial accounts on social media, provide numerous likes on a particular page, send tweets or visit various websites. All this is done without any human involvement.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Bots already constitute a significant percentage of Non Human Traffic (NHT) online, which has, according to some estimates, eclipsed human traffic. Comscore, a US-based Internet technology company noted on its blog that NHT, also known as Artificial Traffic, increased from approximately 6% of the total web traffic in 2011, to 36% in 2012. Last month, a report from Incapsula, a cloud-based security service, which aids the security and performance of websites, stated that more than 60% of web traffic was non-human in 2013. The figure was based on data collected from the 20,000 sites on Incapsula’s network .</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Other than bots, NHT on the web includes traffic generated by Internet routers and back end services used by websites to communicate with third parties.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">India is not immune to the problem. According to the Symantec Internet Security Threat Report for 2012, there was a 280% increase in bot infections in India between 2011 and 2012. 17% of bot-infected computers, the highest in the world, are in India and 15% of global bot-net spam is generated here. The report also states that 69 Indian cities are prone to bot infections which includes Bhubaneswar, Surat, Cochin, Jaipur, Visakhapatnam, Indore, Kota, Ghaziabad and Mysore.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Bot spotting</b><br />How do you spot a bot? When a bot or its friend is at work, the browser directs you to sites other than the ones you intend to visit, you get full-page pop ups and pop unders, and when you quit the browser, it gets relaunched after a few minutes. Chances are your computer is part of a chain of online events which create NHT on the web, the purpose of which may be to attack a site or a server.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Why you should be wary</b><br />Malicious traffic, malware, hacking attempts, viruses slow down the Internet and delay legitimate traffic and services. Used to target systems or take down websites, NHT generates fake clicks on advertisements to increase website statistics.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">One of the perils of ignoring artificial web traffic is that it gets counted for real impressions for which clients end up paying. For example, a website owner may hire the services of a digital marketing firm to publicise the site. In the guise of increasing page views, the marketing firm can produce a bill for fake impressions, supplementing actual human traffic to the page with bot usage.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">“Unless there is a curb on this practice of malicious NHT, one stands at risk of being duped by marketers, agencies and even clients,” said Chiragh Cherian, director, online PR at Perfect Relations, a brand management firm. Recent studies have estimated bot traffic to be between 4 - 31% of total web traffic in the US, which translates to between $650 million and $4.7 billion in wasted marketing spend. According to Miaozhen Systems, a leading Chinese advertising technology company, NHT caused advertisers in China to lose approximately US$ 1.6 billion between July 2012 and June 2013.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>How to combat Non-Human Traffic</b><br />Most servers have defence mechanisms to tackle spam and cyber attacks. Websites are also now developing mechanisms such as asking for human authentication which is difficult for a bot to execute. “But even personal computers should be equipped with strong Internet security applications such as anti-virus and anti-spyware to prevent hacking and phishing attempts and to prevent being used as slave machines for distributed cyber attacks,” said Chintu Cherian Abraham, a digital media professional. Figures show that we need to watch out where and how we go online. According to Norton Report, 2013, 61% Indians access their social network accounts from unsecured wi-fi connections, while 42% access bank accounts and 44% shop online using unsecured wi-fi connections.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Social media companies are gradually devising mechanisms to filter bots. “When a page and a fan connect on Facebook, we want to ensure that connection involves a real person interested in hearing from a specific page and engaging with that brand’s content. As such, we have recently increased our automated efforts to remove Likes on Pages that may have been gained by means that violate our terms,” mentions Facebook’s site integrity policy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Agency-client intervention is necessary to ensure that artificial traffic is not presented as real. “It’s also important to make all agencies, advertisers and clients aware of their responsibility to keep the Internet free from malicious NHT,” said Chiragh Cherian.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Government involvement is also needed to control the problem of malicious bots. “A lot needs to be done from the government’s side to tackle bots which can be used to target the country’s critical infrastructure such as banking websites,” said Jiten Jain, a cyber security analyst, adding, “Last year, I highlighted the flaws in HDFC’s net banking website which have been rectified now. They could have been exploited to block the net-banking service.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Until we have a robust mechanism to filter out bogus traffic from real, it will be difficult to say whether the social media followers of Bansal and other public figures are human or not.</p>
<table class="invisible">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="http://editors.cis-india.org/home-images/FactFile.png" alt="Fact File" class="image-inline" title="Fact File" /></th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>Know your Bots</b><br />Not all bots are used with a negative intent. Some help in research and monitoring.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>The Malicious</b><br />Bots can be effectively used to impersonate and to hack accounts leading to financial losses and intellectual property theft. “Theft of personal details, username and password to operate one’s bank account is a classic example of how bots can lead to financial losses. It is an organised cyber crime,” explained Commander (Retd) Mukesh Saini, former national information security coordinator, Government of India. In May 2013, cyber criminals broke into the Mumbai-based account of the RPG group and siphoned off `2.4 crore. Three people were arrested in the case.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">“The rate at which NHT is increasing is alarming,” says Tinu Cherian Abraham. “Any computer connected to the Internet is vulnerable to such attacks. The user will not get to know about it unless he or she has installed an Internet security application.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Besides bots, computers also generate other kinds of secondary activities, while the user is surfing the Internet. This activity remains in the background and is never seen by the user, unlike the bot-generated pop ups, observes Comscore. For example, your computer might be being used as a channel to reach a server with the intention of hacking it. And you will never know.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>The Good</b><br />Not all NHT is bad, though. In fact, good bots such as scrapers can be effectively used to conduct research. “Wikipedia can be scraped to investigate the frequency of edits on a Wikipedia page and track the increase in the number of editors,” explained Snehashish Ghosh, policy associate at the Bangalore-based Centre for Internet & Society.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Good bots are also used by search engines to track content on websites and enhance their search results. Search bots and other good bots formed 31% of total bots, the Incapsula report noted.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>The Social</b><br />Apart from malicious and good bots, there are social media bots too. “Extensive analysis is done on social media traffic for monitoring, business lead generation, as well as reputation management. This has amounted to a lot of automated or non-human traffic,” said Abraham.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">According to Facebook’s filings published in a Forbes report in February 2012, around 83 million of its users are bogus. “It’s a violation of our policies to use a fake name or operate under a false identity, and we encourage people to report any user they suspect of doing this, either through the report links we provide on the site or through the contact forms in our help centre,” a Facebook spokesperson told HT.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Twitter bots have also made its presence felt on the platform. “Twitter has witnessed very interesting bots which have found appreciation from the community for being funny and creative. The microblogging site cracked down on some harmful bots, but still some of the advanced level bots slip through the net,” said Ghosh.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">In August 2012, London-based firm Digital Evaluators, which evaluates social media presence of worldwide companies, released an analysis of Twitter followers of the US Presidential Election candidates Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. 21.9% of Barack Obama’s 17.82 million Twitter followers were found to be bogus.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><b>The Big Brother</b><br />Ghosh said that the increase in NHT related to the Internet of things, the concept which enables communication between two or more devices, results in privacy issues. “Take a situation where your mobile device is constantly tracking your location for the purpose of switching on the air conditioner at your home before you reach. Such applications produce huge amounts of personal data and there is no clarity whether this data is being stored,” he said.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">“As the new networks link data from products, company assets, or the operating environment, they will generate better information and analysis, which can enhance decision making significantly. Some organisations are starting to deploy these applications in targeted areas, while more radical and demanding uses are still in the conceptual or experimental stages,” noted a McKinsey & Company report on Internet of things.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/hindustan-times-january-5-2014-danish-raza-rise-of-the-bot'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/hindustan-times-january-5-2014-danish-raza-rise-of-the-bot</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaSocial MediaWikipediaInternet GovernanceAccess to Knowledge2014-01-31T07:16:36ZNews ItemIntroductory talk about "Wikipedia in Academics"
http://editors.cis-india.org/events/talk-on-wikipedia-in-academics
<b>Subhashish Panigrahi gave a talk on Wikipedia in Academics. Subhashish spoke about the use the Wikipedia in academics, students' role as contributors to Wikipedia to keep the facts correct and editing Wikipedia articles in Indic languages.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Prof.Parthosen Gupta, Professor-KIIT School of Management and Sucheta Priyabadini, Joint Registrar, KIIT were present during the event to talk about the KIIT - CIS-A2K partnership and forthcoming collaboration projects.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/events/talk-on-wikipedia-in-academics'>http://editors.cis-india.org/events/talk-on-wikipedia-in-academics</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaOpennessEvent2014-02-03T06:48:40ZEventOdisha: KISS to create tribal languages and heritage repository
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/orissa-diary-january-20-2014-kiss-to-create-tribal-languages-and-heritage-repository
<b>World' largest tribal residential institute Kalinga Institute of Social Studies (KISS) is going to initiate a project in collaboration with Centre for Internet and Society's Access To Knowledge program (CIS-A2K) to gather academic and research resources on tribal languages and diverse cultural heritage.</b>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">The <a class="external-link" href="http://orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=47371">report by Odisha Diary Bureau</a> was published on January 20, 2014.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) is the largest tribal residential institution in the world. It is home to over 20,000 tribal students from 64 tribes living in Eastern and North-Eastern parts of India that not only provide them accommodation, food, and free education from kindergarten to post graduation but also provide them 24/7 health care in the in-house hospital and many vocational trainings to empower them as able citizens of this nation ensuring their successful future. UNICEF in association with KISS has established a Children Development Resource Centre (CDRC) as part of the larger UNICEF-KIIT University joint initiative for the Centre for Children Studies (CCS) that aims in promoting evidence-based policy making by building a knowledge base thorough research and other development programmes on children's issues focusing on the state of Odisha.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">KISS in collaboration with Bernard van Leer Foundation is currently devising education systems in native tribal languages that even do not have scripts. With over 17 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)s and many more in process. KISS is bringing up a new stream of sustainable growth for tribals below poverty line by educating them and imparting knowledge in their own languages.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">UNICEF, UNESCO, UNFPA, College of Charleson (USA), Bernard van Leer Foundation, Vedanta Foundation, NALCO Foundation, English Access Micro-Scholarship Program (Federal Govt.), Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Oracle Educational Foundation, Intel Technology, CPU Joint Volunteers (South Korea) are some of the organisations that KISS is working in tandem with to take the Indian tribal cultural diversity and heritage to the outside world by giving the aboriginal natives their space in this world.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">Centre for Internet and Society is a Bangalore based Non profit organization which works primarily in the broader domains ofinternet and policy research, accessibility, open knowledge and open education. Its Access To Knowledge program is funded by the Wikimedia Foundation and works in fostering the volunteer Wikimedia community that contributes in enhancing Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. Its primary mandate is upbringing Wikipedia editors by outreach, creating primary resources for sources of reference in multiple ways that lead to enrich Wikipedia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; ">This collaboration will bring detailed research and multilingual documentation about several aspects of tribals of India and would work as an Open Education Resources (OER) for academicians and researchers. This event is organized on 11th January 2014 atKalinga Institute of Social Studies premises at 11 am. KIITUniversity's Founder-Chairman Dr. Achyuta Samanta is going to inaugurate this project formally on this occasion.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/orissa-diary-january-20-2014-kiss-to-create-tribal-languages-and-heritage-repository'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/orissa-diary-january-20-2014-kiss-to-create-tribal-languages-and-heritage-repository</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaOpennessWikipediaAccess to KnowledgeWikimedia2014-02-03T08:33:08ZNews ItemOdia Wikipedia (Coverage in Sanchar)
http://editors.cis-india.org/news/odia-wikipedia-coverage-in-sanchar
<b>Sanchar published about Odia Wikipedia in their edition on January 31. Subhashish Panigrahi is quoted.</b>
<table class="plain">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><img src="http://editors.cis-india.org/home-images/ScreenShot20140131at2.52.03PM.png" alt="Odia Wikipedia Coverage" class="image-inline" title="Odia Wikipedia Coverage" /></th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/news/odia-wikipedia-coverage-in-sanchar'>http://editors.cis-india.org/news/odia-wikipedia-coverage-in-sanchar</a>
</p>
No publisherpraskrishnaAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaOdia WikipediaOpenness2014-02-04T07:38:30ZNews ItemCampaign for relicensing copyrighted books under Creative Commons licenses
http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/campaign-for-relicensing-copyrighted-books-under-creative-commons-licenses
<b>A campaign has been started to relicense Telugu-language books of several noted authors from "all rights reserved" to Creative Commons Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA) license.</b>
<p>This
campaign was started on June 19 and copyright migration process is
complete for 17 books so far. Once the copyright migration is over
the books—ranging from historical figures and popular personalities
to regional history—are going to be digitised on Wikisource.<br /><br /></p>
<h4 class="western">
List of books and their authors</h4>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Gadam
Gopala Swamy<strong><br />Book:
</strong><a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/సూచిక:Pachima_Godavari_Jillalo_Mahatmuni_sancharam-Gadam_Gopalaswamy.pdf"><u>Paschima
Godavari Jillalo Mahatmuni Sancharam</u></a>,
a historical account on Gandhi's travels and the way he spread his
ideology in and around this area.<strong><br />Significance:
</strong>This
can be used in improving articles related to the history of villages
of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Godavari_district"><u>West
Godavari district</u></a>.
Swamy is going to publish his <em>magnum
opus</em>
on
the national movement in West Godavari along with another
biographical work about the notable people of the district.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>"I
dedicate these works to all the people of the West Godavari
district. All my efforts will be useful even if one person [from
West Godavari] reads these works, learns what their ancestors lived
for and died for [in the national independence movement] and tries
to be responsibly contribute to the society. I find this could only
be possible through placing it in digital platform like Wikisource."
</em><br />- Dr. Gadam Gopala Swamy, historian, former professor</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Kanuri
Badarinadh (Historian, Novelist and Journalist)<strong><br />Books:
</strong>Biographies,
short biographies like <em>Tanuku
Talukulu</em>,
<em>Yarra
Narayana Swamy Jeevitha Charitra</em>,
Local Histories like <em>Panara
Vishayamu</em>,
<em>Maa
doothikapuramu</em>,
collection of articles on historical, cultural, social and art like
<em>Kasyapa
Vyasalu</em>,
<em>Antharvani</em>,
<em>Badareenadheeyam</em>,
<em>Lochoopu</em>,
<em>Annavi
anukonnavi</em>,
<em>Vyasa
Badarikam</em>,
historical fiction like <em>Kavi
garu</em>,
<em>Koutilyuni
Nireekshanam</em>.<strong><br />Priority:
</strong>These
Books can be used as resources to create articles about notable
personalities of West Godavari district, several important persons
and events in Andhra pradesh politics and history. Can improve
articles related to West Godavari district, especially about the
history sections in the village articles.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>“<em>I
don't want these works to be in bookshelf and get wasted by termites.
My wish as an author and researcher is to make these works available
to future historians who can make use of it, so that our people get
to know the local history” <br /></em>
- Kanuri Badarinadh, historian, novelist and journalist. Badarinadh has
donated some of his books.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Katta
Srinivasa Rao, historian, Wikipedian and poet<strong><br />Book:
</strong><em>Ganapeswaralayam,
</em>a
historical account of temples of historical importance that were
built in Kusumanchi of Khammam district in Telangana. These temples
flourished under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty"><u>Kakatiya
dynasty</u></a>’s
reign.<strong><br />Priority:
</strong>Katta
Sriniavasa Rao is one of the first line Telangana historians who are
working to rebuild Telangana’s History. This work is result of his
research. It contains valuable content about Ganapeswara Temple and
gives a glimpse of the sculpture, history and society under
Kakatiya dynasty in Khammam.</p>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Vemuri
Venkateswara Rao<strong><br />Book:
</strong><a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/సూచిక:Ramanujan_Nundi_Etu_Atu_by_Vemuri_Venkateswararao.pdf"><em><u>Ramanujan
Nundi atu itu</u></em></a><em>,
</em>a
book about mathematician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan"><u>Srinivasa
Ramanujan</u></a>
and
his works in mathematics<br /><strong>Priority:
</strong>Like
many other Indian languages, Telugu also has a lower number of books
related to science and mathematics especially in the contemporary
context.
This
book is about Ramanujan Numbers, formulas and a few more works. It
also has description about contemporary mathematics built upon
Ramanujan's work. This can be used to improve mathematics related
articles in Telugu Wikipedia.</p>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Yasaswi
Sateesh Kumar<strong><br />Books:
</strong><a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/సూచిక:TellakagitaM.pdf"><em><u>Okkamata</u></em></a><em>,</em>
contains
brief poetic pen portraits that explains about contemporary Telugu
poets, <em>Tellakagitam
</em>is
anthology of Telugu poet Yasaswi’s poetry.<strong><br />Priority:
</strong>Photos
of many contemporary Telugu poets and brief descriptions about them
are now under CC-BY-SA 4.0 license. These can be used in Wikipedia
articles about notable poets.</p>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Emma
Rauschenbusch Clough<strong><br />Translator:
</strong>Vivina
Murthy<strong><br />Book</strong>:
<em>Cheppulu Kuduthu
Kuduthu </em>is a
translation of Emma Rauschenbusch Clough’s English book “<em>While
sewing sandals</em>”.
The English book was released in 1899 and is in Public Domain. The
Telugu book was translated by Vivina Murthy and was published in
2007 by Manasu Foundation. As the translator had rights on his
translated work, he released it under CC-BY-SA 4.0 license to make
it freely available to all on our request.<strong><br />Priority:
</strong>Historical
record especially about Christianity in coastal Andhra Pradesh,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit"><em><u>dalit</u></em></a><em>s</em>
in 19th century.</p>
<p><strong>Author:
</strong>Gurajada
Apparao<strong><br />Book</strong>:
<em>Gurujadalu </em>is
a compilation of all the works Gurajada Apparao -- he is considered
as one of the greatest literary figures of modern Telugu literature.
The book was edited and published by the efforts of Manasu
Foundation and its associates. Apparao’s works are under Public
Domain already as per the Indian Copyright Law,. But the critical
introduction and some of the translations included in the book were
copyrighted by Manasu foundation which they released under CC-BY-SA
4.0 license. This move will help digitize them on Wikisource and
make them freely available to Telugu people.<strong><br />Priority:
</strong>Even Though some of
the works of Apparao got digitized on Wikisource, this can showcase
his complete literary journey with bringing a vast set of reading
for the Telugu readers.</p>
<p>All
of these books were released or agreed to be released under a
CC-BY-SA 4.0 license in June and July 2016. Some of these books were
digitized on Wikisource, and the proofreading is going on currently.
Some of the the remaining books being scanned and some are uploaded
on Wikimedia Commons. The ones that have been <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheppulu_Kudutu_Kudutu.pdf"><u>uploaded</u></a>
on
Commons are being <a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/సూచిక:Ramanujan_Nundi_Etu_Atu_by_Vemuri_Venkateswararao.pdf"><u>indexed
and digitized</u></a>
on
Wikisource.</p>
<p>The
news about all of these license migrated books was shared with the
[Telugu Wikimedia] community, and also personally with some of the
community members like Rajasekhar, Sri Ramamurthy, Gullapalli
Nageswara Rao, Bhaskara Naidu, and a few others who supported in
various stages of digitization like indexing, proofreading, etc.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>"I
wish this contribution will go forward in the same way and help
making Telugu Wikisource number one in entire Indic Wikisources. I
will support this work wherever you need and please ask my help
whenever necessary. Definitely we can collaborate."<br /></em>-
User:Rajasekhar1961, Telugu Wikimedian</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>The
list of the books can also be located on the</strong><a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/వాడుకరి:Pavan_santhosh.s/cc-by-sa_re-licensed_works_in_2016"><u>
</u><u><strong>Telugu
Wikisource.</strong></u></a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/campaign-for-relicensing-copyrighted-books-under-creative-commons-licenses'>http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/campaign-for-relicensing-copyrighted-books-under-creative-commons-licenses</a>
</p>
No publisherPavan Santhosh S. & Subhashish PanigrahiTelugu WikisourceCIS-A2KAccess to KnowledgeWikimediaWikipediaTelugu Wikipedia2016-09-20T12:43:29ZBlog Entry