Centre for Internet and Society

WikiSym + OpenSym 2013 in Hong Kong

praskrishna — 2013-08-29T05:31:59Z

WikiSym + OpenSym took place in Hong Kong on August 5-7, 2013. The event emphasized the open collaboration aspect of WikiSym both for researchers as well as practitioners. The event was organized by the International Symposium on Open Collaboration. T. Vishnu Vardhan, Programme Director, Access to Knowledge and Subhashish Panigrahi participated in this event.

See the event details posted on wikisym.org and also read the blog entry posted by Dirk Riehle on opensym.org.

A Short Report on WikiSym + OpenSym 2013

WikiSym + OpenSym 2013 took place at Hong Kong’s Cyberport facility. 98 registered participants from around the world enjoyed a two-track program centered on the common topic of open collaboration. Four keynotes and invited talks covered topics of open access, open educational resources, Wikipedia research, and open science. Open access, open source, and traditional wiki research contributed several sessions. A main thread was Wikipedia research, which was strongly represented at the conference, perhaps not surprisingly given that we had co-located WikiSym with Wikimania, the Wikipedia user conference. Social media coverage was strong, as can be seen from Twitter and Google Plus searches.

A host of community events, including demos, posters, and workshop on the topic of open collaboration rounded out the program. Even though most participants were international’s, events on open data in business and the GLAM sector added a local flavor to the event. Participants also got a taste of the richness of the city of Hong Kong, for example through the conference banquet at Top Deck, a restaurant ship that provided an enjoyable mingling opportunity and an excellent food to conference participants.

All tracks and events are supplemented by an open space track. Open space is a technique for organizing events to allow otherwise passive participants to become an active part of the conference. Open space is like an “unconference”, just more organized and much more effective. Open space has a long and distinguished history at WikiSym. Using open space, WikiSym + OpenSym activates not only traditional speakers but every participant, creating the desired synergy between all strands of open collaboration researchers and practitioners.


Some of the event participants, photo by Subhashish Panigrahi

Finally, a few links of WikiSym + OpenSym 2013 reporting from this blog:

The proceedings are available from the event’s website.

Sponsors of WikiSym + OpenSym 2013 were the Wikimedia Foundation, Google, InvestHK, Cyberport, and EuroCham Hong Kong. The event was held in-cooperation with the ACM SIGWEB and SIGSOFT and was fiscally sponsored by The John Ernest Foundation.

Next year’s conference, OpenSym 2014, will be held in Berlin, Germany, on August 27-29, 2014. Please see here for the initial call for submissions (papers).

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/wikisym-opensym-2013-hong-kong

Wikipedia writes a new script

praskrishna — 2013-09-04T06:27:27Z

Wikipedia is available in over 30 Indian languages. Add Konkani to that list. The Centre for Internet and Society has just completed a programme of training students to write for Konkani Wikipedia.

The article was published in the Goan on August 24, 2013.

They sat listening to Subhashish Panigrahi, learning how to seamlessly flow from English to Konkani. Panigrahi walked around the room, 40 sets of eyes and ears followed him eagerly, latching on to his every word. Then the team moved into a small conference room at the new Central Library, where they sat down to work on a few articles in Konkani. The reason: Because Wikipedia has a new language – Konkani.

When on February 4, 1987, Konkani in Devnagri script was declared the official language of Goa according to the Goa Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987, little did the officials know that one day, one of the largest web-based encyclopaedias would want the encyclopaedia to be available also in Konkani for the 30, 00000 or so Konkani language speakers over the world.

Wikipedia, a multi-lingual, web-based, free content encyclopaedia is available in over 30 Indian languages and several languages of other nations. The project to begin a Konkani Wikipedia began in 2006. “Sadly, even after seven years of inception, Konkani Wikipedia has only 90 articles,” says Nitika Tandon, of the CIS-A2K (Centre for Internet & Society, Access to Knowledge) team. The CIS is a movement for open access to web-based information. “Rather than being open receivers of knowledge, we want people to be active producers of knowledge,” she adds. The CIS has selected five Indian languages to uplift and Konkani is one of them.

Carlos Fernandes, the Curator of the Central Library said, “We supported it because this will maintain the culture and develop the language using technology. Articles in Konkani language will be available to people all over the world and thus should one want to research something in Konkani, his search will not be limited to the books of the library.” Another project by the CIS team to make Konkani more well-known is digitising the 4-volume Konkani encyclopaedia published by the Goa University. “This encyclopaedia will be uploaded by this team and will be available under the creative commons licence,” says Dr Gopakumar, the university Librarian.

The programme covered aspects like how Wikipedia works, how to edit articles, how to type in Devnagri, how to create a new article, etc. “We are learning how to about editing and writing in Wikipedia. The 40 students are of MA part 2, and the group is divided into two. The first 20 will work on the first two days and the others will work on the last two,” says Fr Luis Xavier Gomes who is doing his MA in Konkani at Goa University. Fr Gomes will be writing on Konkani tiatr and Konkani cantar after having researched and referenced about the same.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/thegoan-joyce-dias-august-24-2013-wikipedia-writes-a-new-script

Workshop on e-Content Development

praskrishna — 2013-09-04T05:56:16Z

T. Vishnu Vardhan, A2K Programme Director at CIS will be teaching at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad from September 4 to 6, 2013.

Vishnu Vardhan will give guest lecture for the following:

Open Source to Open Knowledge
Building Knowledge Bases and Platforms via Mass Collaboration on the Internet
e-Content in Indian languages – History, Challenges and Opportunities
Wikipedia Users to Wikipedia Authors – Exploring Wikipedia as an OER Tool
e-Content, e-Student, e-Faculty – Reimagining classroom in the digital Age

Click to download the programme brochure

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/workshop-on-e-content-development

Konkani Wikipedia makes headway

praskrishna — 2013-09-17T06:07:54Z

The first floor of the Krishnadas Central Library has been bustling with activity for the last four days. A closer look reveals the concentration, thought and precision that is put into each letter of the Devnagri script Konkani they type. Still further and you realise it’s a Wikipedia site that final year MA Konkani students of Goa University are busy with.

This article by Diana Fernandes was published in OHeraldO on August 24, 2013. Nitika Tandon is quoted.

A follow up to the Konkani Wikipedia workshop that was held earlier last month at St. Xavier’s College, Mapusa and King’s school, Margao, the Centre for Internet and Society ( CIS) in its Access to Knowledge ( A2K) initiative were back to try and bring to life a seven year incubation Konkani Wikipedia page.

The final year MA Konkani students were busy typing away at their screen as I went to pay them a visit. Nitika Tandon, Goa in- charge from the CIS- A2K team says Goan students have shown the most interest so far. Priyadarshini Tadkodkar, Head of Department at Goa University says she’s thrilled for the project as it will not only help students update and reach out to other writers but also help in popularising Goa’s mother tongue.

“ So far there was nothing in Konkani on Wikipedia. There are so many articles about Goa in English but not in Konkani. Those who do not know only to read or develop their Konkani skills can probably use this.

Also for the students it’s an opportunity for them to discuss their thoughts with other editors,” says Tadkodkar.

The last time she was in the state, Tandon says people were more inclined to hear of the English Wikipedia rather than Konkani, but sees this workshop as a definite success story.

Students were visibly interested in not only writing about Goa but to change the way people look at Goa. “ Goa is only seen as beaches, parties and cheap liquor. There is so much more. Like Goa’s unique cuisine or its famous personalities like D D Kosambi,” says Supriya.

“ People say that Konkani will die in another 20 – 25 years. I see this as an opportunity to save it,” says another student John.

Articles written by the students will be assessed by Madhavi Sardesai, editor of Jaan, a Konkani literary journal, after which students will be asked to make the corrections online.

A total of 38 students attended over the span of two days. Each session comprised eight hours of training a day. Topics discussed during the workshop included basics of Wikipedia and the status of Konkani Wikipedia as well as typing in Devnagri script, the sort of articles that are required for the site and using references other than Facebook and how to site them in the article.

“ Forty- two pages of content were generated in two days and have already been put up on the site. The students love it. Students who came in the first batch wanted to join the second one simply because they want to write. Though they don’t get credit for this workshop as part of the syllabus students are indeed interested,” says Tandon.

Though a total of 140 articles on topics ranging from Goa’s heritage, culture, traditions and famous personalities have been uploaded, she says it requires at least five contributors to add to the existing database regularly.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/epaperoheraldo-august-24-2013-diana-fernandes-konkani-wikipedia-makes-headway

A Workshop on Editing Wikipedia in Mumbai

praskrishna — 2013-08-23T16:00:46Z

The Centre for Indian Languages in Higher Education and the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS-A2K) is holding a workshop on Wikipedia editing at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai on August 24, 10.00 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.

The morning session will be having a discussion and demonstration on Wikipedia (10.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m.), which will be followed by a practical session (2.00 p.m. to 4.30 p.m.).

As part of the run-up to the Indian Languages Mela (planned for September 20-21, 2013), CILHE will conduct a workshop for those who would like create new articles in any Indian Language Wikipedia. The workshop is organized in collaboration with the Centre for Internet and Society’s Access to Knowledge Programme (CIS-A2K) and the Wikipedia Hyderabad community. The objective of the workshop is to train students to edit Wikipedia. Participants are encouraged to work with Telugu, Hindi, Marathi, Urdu or any other language of their choice. Although the workshop is mainly intended for potential competitors for the Mela awards for Best New Article in an Indian Language Wikipedia, anyone interested in Wikipedia is welcome.

As you may know, Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia, and is the 5th most-visited website in the world! It's completely free to use and re-use, it has no advertising, and is available in more than 286 different languages - including 20+ Indian languages. Wikipedia articles are written by ordinary people who volunteer to share their knowledge with the world.

The CILHE is committed to producing material in Indian languages for higher education, and is partnering Wikipedia in drawing new editors to the Indian language Wikipedias so that they become an important knowledge resource.

What students gain from Wikipedia editing:

It improves writing skills. Wikipedia provides students a platform to hone their writing skills. Writing on Wikipedia enhances critical thinking and the ability to see all sides of a story. Students will find this incredibility useful in both their personal and professional lives while evaluating the pros and cons of different situations, projects, assignments etc. Wikipedia editing also strengthens research skills. A Wikipedia editor has to provide credible references by looking up books, journals and online materials. Writing on Wikipedia is good practice for those who will also work on a thesis or a research project.

Your articles will be read by thousands of people across the globe. If you edit a Wikipedia article, it is there *forever* and the audience can be any number from the 500 million who read Wikipedia every month!

It'll boost your chances in admissions or scholarships or placements.

It teaches students how to collaborate! Editing Wikipedia is magical. You add some content and someone from some other part of the class or school or town or country or somewhere else in the world adds a little bit more and makes the contribution that much better. Wikipedia helps one learn how to work productively with other people, even those you don’t know and may never actually meet.

The workshop will cover the following:

What exactly is Wikipedia and how does it work?
Who edits Wikipedia?
How do I edit Wikipedia?
What can I edit?
How can I input text in Indian languages?
How do I insert images?
How do I find and add references?
Do’s and Don’ts

Participants are required to register at least by August 23, 2013. Send your names to Ritesh Khunyakari riteshpk@gmail.com.

Important Instructions

Each student attending the Wikipedia Training programme should register themselves on Wikipedia. Please note that once you register on a Wikipedia project, you can use that 'Username' (i.e. same log-in details) across all Wikipedias and Wikimedia platforms. This should be done by August 23, 2013. Please note that you will not be able to register more than 5 Usernames from a single IP address within 24 hours (a security feature of Wikipedia). This tutorial will help you with Registration on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Registration
Once registered the students must furnish their details on the google doc. I have already entered my data just as sample. Please circulate this link to all the students at the earliest. This should be done by August 24, 2013 before the commencement of the Workshop https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AshSF7ZKRBR5dFBfM2lTaExINTZodVZ4ejd3VURzMEE&usp=sharing
All the students are expected to do editing on Wikipedia. We will choose Telugu Wikipedia (www.te.wikipedia) as a site to do some editing. Please be assured that we will also show how to use English and other language Wikipedias. For this workshop each student should come up with one article at least in an Indian language. This should be typed and be available in a soft copy form and could be carried in a thumb drive or any other storage media which should be easily accessible to them during the training programme.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/events/workshop-on-editing-wikipedia-in-mumbai

Dear Milind Deora, Prakash Javadekar Deserved The Truth

praskrishna — 2013-09-05T10:38:05Z

Milind Deora, the Minister of State for Communications, Information Technology and Shipping, isn’t your typical politician.

This article by Rohin Dharmakumar was published in Forbesindia Magazine on August 22, 2013. Sunil Abraham is quoted.

At just 36, he’s way younger than the average cabinet minister (64) or Member of Parliament (53). He’s also richer (Rs.17.5 crore compared to Rs.5.3 crore for the average M.P.)

He’s got his own website - www.milinddeora.in - which unlike most of his peer’s websites, is fairly well-designed and constantly updated. He’s also an avid user of social networks like Twitter (@milinddeora) and Facebook.

Oh, he’s also a Blues fan and a pretty good guitarist.

In short, he’s the kind of politician or minister many Indians would like to vote for.

And vote they do, in fact. Deora’s won the Mumbai (South) parliamentary constituency two times in a row, garnering nearly twice his next opponent’s votes during the 2009 elections.

Which is why it’s surprising, and saddening, to see Deora trot out a patently false set of answers to how America’s global dragnet of Internet surveillance is affecting the privacy of Indians.

On 16th August Deora responded to a question from Rajya Sabha M.P. and BJP Spokesperson Prakash Javadekar, asking the following:

(a) whether it is a fact that India was the fifth most tracked country by the United States intelligence, particularly on the internet;
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) the impact of USA”s surveillance program-Prism and Boundless Information on the country; and
(d) the steps Government intends to take to protect country”s interests and the privacy of its citizens?

Javadekar’s question was sorely needed in light of the near-daily disclosures being made about the scarily omnipresent extent to which the US Government spies on global Internet users through a myriad of ways.

India, as Javadekar rightly pointed out, was indeed the fifth most monitored country under the “Boundless Informant” data mining tool that tracks the NSA’s (the US’ lead communications spy agency) global surveillance efforts. In just March 2013 alone, according to a leaked presentation on the tool, the NSA collected 6.3 billion pieces of information from India. Suffice it to say, the information would have come from Indian citizens, businesses, ministries, bureaucrats and of course, members of Parliament (most of who now use webmail and social network from the likes of Google and Facebook).

The only countries that were spied upon more than us were Iran, Pakistan, Jordan and Egypt. Some sobering company, that!

One would thus expect Deora to be seized of the urgency and concern behind Javadekar’s questions. His answer was:

(a) & (b) In June 2013, Media reports have disclosed that India is the fifth largest target of United States electronic surveillance programmes, in terms of interception of communications on fibre cables and other infrastructure. As per media reports, United States agencies used a number of methods to gather intelligence including intercepting communication on fibre cables and infrastructure, collecting information from servers of global internet and Telecom Service Providers. Such companies include Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple, Yahoo, AOL,Youtube, Paltalk and Skype.

Here we have a member of Parliament asks India’s Minister for Communications & IT about the extent to which Indian citizens and businesses are being spied upon by the US – ostensibly a friendly country – and all the Minister could do was cite newspaper reports?

What about your own investigations Mr.Minister? What is the opinion of your leading spy agencies like the NTRO, R&AW and IB? Are they also relying on newspaper reports?

But wait, Deora does go on to provide a few more answers:

(c) & (d) Government has expressed concerns over reported United States monitoring of internet traffic from India. Concerns with regard to violation of any Indian laws relating to privacy of information of ordinary Indian citizen as well as intrusive data capture deployed against Indian citizens or government infrastructure have been conveyed to the United States. The issue of United States Cyber surveillance activities was discussed during the Indo-US (India United States ) strategic dialogue meeting held in New Delhi on 24.06.2013.

Whew. That was reassuring. We expressed “concerns with regard to violation of any Indian laws relating to privacy of information” to the US during a “strategic dialogue meeting”.

Let me guess what the US side responded: “Sure. We’ll do that. Come back to us when you have a privacy law. Ha ha!”

As Sunil Abraham, the director for the Center for Internet & Society points out in Forbes India, India has no modern and comprehensive privacy law. And the government is working on a new one for only the last three years:

What would an ideal privacy law for India look like? For one, it would protect the rights of all persons, regardless of whether they are citizens or residents. Two, it would define privacy principles. Three, it would establish the office of an independent and autonomous privacy commissioner, who would be sufficiently empowered to investigate and take action against both government and private entities. Four, it would define civil and criminal offences, remedies and penalties. And five, it would have an overriding effect on previous legislation that does not comply with all the privacy principles.

The Justice AP Shah Committee report, released in October 2012, defined the Indian privacy principles as notice, choice and consent, collection limitation, purpose limitation, access and correction, disclosure of information, security, openness and accountability. The report also lists the exemptions and limitations, so that privacy protections do not have a chilling effect on the freedom of expression and transparency enabled by the Right to Information Act.

The Department of Personnel and Training has been working on a privacy bill for the last three years. Two versions of the bill had leaked before the Justice AP Shah Committee was formed. The next version of the bill, hopefully implementing the recommendations of the Justice AP Shah Committee report, is expected in the near future. In a multi-stakeholder-based parallel process, the Centre for Internet and Society (where I work), along with FICCI and DSCI, is holding seven round tables on a civil society draft of the privacy bill and the industry-led efforts on co-regulation.

Which brings me to the final part of Deora’s response to Javadekar:

United States official responded that PRISM dealt only with Meta Data (related to the direction and the flow of the traffic) and only broad patterns of telephony and internet traffic are monitored. United States Officials maintained that data content/content of emails are not accessed or not monitored under these surveillance programmes; therefore, it is not a violation of privacy. It was stated by United States that its agencies need to get separate authorization from Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) court, if they want to access the content of any of the data intercepted by these surveillance programmes.

Dear Mr.Minister, either you have been lied to by your friendly “United States Official”, or, well…

Firstly, by limiting the answer to only PRISM, which happens to be just one of the NSA’s secret tools for online surveillance, you are willfully or inadvertently narrowing down Javadekar’s question which specifically mentions other tools like Boundless Informant.

Almost all of the big Internet companies revealed to be part of the NSA’s global spying mechanism have also used the same tactic to tailor their denials. I suppose they got the cue from the NSA, which loves using the “Under This Program” dodge to derail specific questions about its secret programs, according to the Electronic Frontier Foundation:

Another tried and true technique in the NSA obfuscation playbook is to deny it does one invasive thing or another “under this program.” When it’s later revealed the NSA actually does do the spying it said it didn’t, officials can claim it was just part of another program not referred to in the initial answer.

In case you weren’t aware of the NSA’s obfuscation tactics Mr.Minister, here is another great piece on it from the Slate – “How to Decode the True Meaning of What NSA Officials Say”

Thus when your friendly US official tells you that “only meta data (related to the direction and the flow of the traffic) and only broad patterns of telephony and internet traffic are monitored” under PRISM, not “data content/content of emails”, he or she is technically right.

Because the NSA has other programs that capture all of that. For instance, XKeyscore, which according to leaked presentations, it can capture “nearly everything a typical user does on the internet”. This includes emails, visits to websites, web searches and Facebook chats & private messages.

Did you also know, Mr. Minister, that the XKeyscore surveillance program has servers located inside India?

Finally, you make a statement that is patently false. You say that US spy agencies need authorizations from the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courts (FISC) in order to access the data collected by various surveillance programs.

FISA courts almost always approve any request made to them (they apparently rejected just 11 requests out of 33,900 made by the US government in the last 33 years), so that’s that for oversight.

And in the NSA’s Orwellian world of doublespeak, large scale interception and storage of Internet communications isn’t considered “collected” till such time one of their agents has had a chance to look at it. Which means if you’re reading this post – the NSA’s secret servers over the world and in India can coolly capture that and store it in vast databases for posterity – without it ever registering as a “collection” or requiring any approval from FISA courts.

Fact is, Mr.Minister, we “foreigners” (unless you belong to one of the four other countries that are part of the “Five Eyes” alliance, in which case you’ll be treated with a wee bit more caution) , that is, us, are fair game:

The intelligence data is being gathered under Section 702 of the of the Fisa Amendments Act (FAA), which gives the NSA authority to target without warrant the communications of foreign targets, who must be non-US citizens and outside the US at the point of collection.

The communications of Americans in direct contact with foreign targets can also be collected without a warrant, and the intelligence agencies acknowledge that purely domestic communications can also be inadvertently swept into its databases. That process is known as “incidental collection” in surveillance parlance.

We expected better answers from you Mr.Minister – sorry, expect better.

Alas your recent answers don’t inspire much trust, for instance when you tell us constant surveillance is “good for us” and “will enhance the privacy of citizens”.

Or when you tell us that “Google Hangouts” – a service provided by a company that looms over nearly everything Indians do online – is a better medium to reach out to people than Parliament or Television.

We deserve the truth from you Mr.Minister. Just like Prakash Javadekar.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/forbesindia-august-22-2013-rohin-dharmakumar-dear-milind-deora-prakash-javadekar-deserved-the-truth

Balancing vigilance and privacy

praskrishna — 2013-09-05T10:53:28Z

As the government steps up its surveillance capabilities, the entire social contract between the state and citizens is being reformulated, with worrying consequences.

This article by Prashant Jha was published in the Hindu on August 18, 2013. Pranesh Prakash is quoted.

The Indian state is arming itself with both technological capabilities and the institutional framework to track the lives of citizens in an unprecedented manner.

A new Centralised Monitoring System (CMS) is in the offing, which would build on the already existing mechanisms. As The Hindu reported on June 21, this would allow the government to access in real-time any mobile and fixed line conversation, SMS, fax, website visit, social media usage, Internet search and email, and will have ‘unmatched capabilities of deep search surveillance and monitoring’.

Civil society groups and citizens expressed concern about the government’s actions, plans, and intent at a discussion organised by the Foundation for Media Professionals, on Saturday.

The context

Usha Ramanathan, a widely respected legal scholar, pointed to the larger political context which had permitted this form of surveillance. It stemmed, she argued, from a misunderstanding of the notion of sovereignty. “It is not the government, but the people who are sovereign.” Laws and the Constitution are about limiting the power of the state, but while people were being subjected to these restrictions, the government itself had found ways to remain above it – either by not having laws, or having ineffective regulators. States knew the kind of power they exercised over citizens, with the result that ‘impunity had grown’.

“There is also a complete breakdown of the criminal justice system,” Ms Ramanathan said. This had resulted in a reliance on extra-judicial methods of investigation, and ‘scape-goating’ had become the norm. ‘National security’ had been emphasised, re-emphasised, and projected as the central goal. “We haven’t paused to ask what this means, and the extent to which we have been asked to give up personal security for the sake of national security.” It was in this backdrop that technology had advanced by leaps, and made extensive surveillance possible.

The implications are enormous. The data is often used for purposes it is not meant for, including political vendetta, keeping track of rivals, corporates, and digging out facts about a citizen when he may have antagonised those in power.

Pranesh Prakash, director of the Centre of Internet and Society (CIS) looked back at the killing of Haren Pandya, the senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader in Gujarat. Mr Pandya was using the SIM card of a friend, and it was by tracking the SIM, and through it his location, that the Gujarat government got to know that Mr Pandya had deposed before a commission and indicted the administration for its role in the riots. Eventually, he was found murdered outside a park in Ahmedabad. The Gujarat Police had accessed call details of 90,000 phones.

It is also not clear whether mining this kind of data has been effective for the national security purposes, which provide the reason for doing it in the first place. Saikat Datta, resident editor of Daily News and Analysis, and an expert on India’s intelligence apparatus, said a core problem was the absence of any auditing and over sight. “There needs to be a constant review of the number of calls, emails under surveillance, with questions about whether it is yielding results. But this does not happen, probably because a majority is not for counter-terrorism. There would be trouble if you build accountability mechanisms.” When he sought information under RTI around precisely such issues, he was denied information on the grounds that it would strengthen ‘enemies of the state’.

Anja Kovacs, who works with the Internet Democracy Project, said this form of “mass surveillance” criminalised everybody since it was based on the assumption that each citizen was a “potential criminal”. She also pointed out that having “more information” did not necessarily mean it was easier to address security threats – there was intelligence preceding the Mumbai attacks, but it was not acted upon. She added, “Most incidents have been resolved by traditional intelligence. Investing in agencies, training them better could be more effective.”

Bring in the caveats

Few argue that the state is not entitled to exercise surveillance at all. In fact, a social contract underpins democratic states. Citizens agree to subject some of their rights to restrictions, and vest the state with the monopoly over instruments and use of violence. In turn, the state – acting within a set of legal principles; being accountable to citizens; and renewing its popular legitimacy through different measures, including elections – provides order and performs a range of developmental functions.

This framework, citizens and civil liberty groups worry, is under threat with governments appropriating and usurping authority to conduct unprecedented surveillance. Citizen groups, technology and privacy experts came together globally to draft the International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communication Surveillance.

It prescribed that any restriction to privacy through surveillance must be ‘legal’; it must be for a ‘legitimate aim’; it must be ‘strictly and demonstrably necessary’; it must be preceded by showing to an established authority that other ‘less invasive investigative techniques’ have been used; it must follow ‘due process’; decisions must be taken by a ‘competent judicial authority’; there must be ‘public oversight’ mechanisms; and ‘integrity of communications and systems’ should be maintained. (Full text available on www.necessaryandproportionate.org)Mr Prakash of CIS, which has done extensive work on surveillance and privacy issues, said, “An additional principle must be collection limitation or data minimisation.” Giving the instance of Indian Railways seeking the date of birth from a customer booking a ticket, Mr Prakash said this was not information which was necessary. But it could be used by hackers and many other agencies to access an individual’s private transactions in other areas. The UPA government is finalising a privacy Bill, but its final version is not yet public, and it is not clear how far the government would go in protecting citizen rights.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/the-hindu-august-19-2013-prashant-jha-balancing-vigilance-and-privacy

How Next-Gen Smartphone Users are Being Bought and Sold

praskrishna — 2013-09-05T10:48:18Z

After facebook and google, Twitter became the latest to buy millions of Indian smartphone users in July.

This article by Rohin Dharmakumar was published by Forbes India Magazine on August 13, 2013, and later mirrored in IBN Live on August 19, 2013. Sunil Abraham is quoted.

Now, the actual announcement was about how Twitter had partnered with Vodafone India to offer its services ‘free of cost’ to mobile subscribers for three months. It had already inked similar deals with Airtel and Reliance, according to Medianama, a digital media news site. Google and Facebook, too, announced such agreements during the past year, whereby mobile subscribers could use their service ‘free of cost’ through their phones.

Nothing is really ‘free’ on the web, which is why we have the adage: “If you’re not paying for it, you are the product”. So these large web companies are actually buying millions of first-time mobile internet users by paying off their respective mobile operators. Of India’s 137 million internet users, roughly 120 million access mobile internet.

Sunil Abraham, director of the Centre for Internet & Society in Bangalore, thinks India could be going down the Indonesia route. “If you ask the average Indonesian mobile user if he or she has internet access, they might say no. Ask them if they have Facebook or Twitter, and they’ll say yes!” Incidentally, 96 percent of Indonesians use social media, mostly from their phones.

Smaller competitors to Facebook, Google and Twitter who can’t afford to pay mobile operators on similar terms will find their competitiveness shrinking. Meanwhile, a large number of Indians will balk at paying for internet usage on their phones because the social networks are all ‘free’.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/forbesindia-august-13-2013-rohin-dharmakumar-how-nextgen-smartphone-users-are-being-bought-and-sold

Extending The Spectrum Of Openness To Include The Moral Right To Share

praskrishna — 2013-08-19T04:50:15Z

from the now-there's-a-thought dept.

Glyn Moody of Techdirt covers Sunil's David Eaves interview.

Prefixing concepts with the epithet "open" has become something of a fashion over the last decade. Beginning with open source, we've had open content, open access, open data, open science, and open government to name but a few. Indeed, things have got to the point where "openwashing" -- the abuse of the term in order to jump on the openness bandwagon -- is a real problem. But a great post by David Eaves points out that the spectrum of openness actually extends well beyond the variants typically encountered in the West:

While sharing and copying technologies are disrupting some of the ways we understanding "content," when you visit a non-Western country like India, the spectrum of choices become broader. There is less timidity wrestling with questions like: should poor farmers pay inflated prices for patented genetically-engineered seeds? How long should patents be given for life-saving medicines that cost more than many make in a year? Should Indian universities spend millions on academic journals and articles? In the United States or other rich countries we may weigh both sides of these questions -- the rights of the owner vs. the moral rights of the user -- but there's no question people elsewhere, such as in India, weigh them different given the questions of life and death or of poverty and development.

Consequently, conversations about open knowledge outside the supposedly settled lands of the "rich" often stretch beyond permission-based "fair use" and "creative commons" approaches. There is a desire to explore potential moral rights to use "content" in addition to just property rights that may be granted under statutes.

He then goes on to write about the ideas of Sunil Abraham, founder and executive director of the Centre for Internet & Society (CIS) in India. Abraham has created an interesting representation showing the extended gamut of openness, which reaches from proprietary to counterfeiting and false attribution:

Eaves's post examines some of the details of Abraham's map:

Particularly interesting is Sunil's decision to include non-legal "permissions" such as ignoring the property holders rights in his spectrum of openness. He sees this as the position of the Pirate Party, which he suggests advocates that people should have the right to do what they want with intellectual property even if they don't have permission, with the exception, interestingly, of ignoring attribution.

This is something that several Techdirt posts have touched on before. One of the most telling facts about unauthorized sharing online is that people preserve attribution -- there's no attempt to hide who made the song or film. That's probably why survey after survey shows that sharing materials online increases their sales -- something that would be unlikely if attribution were stripped from files. Eaves notes that this aspect ties into a particularly hot topic at the moment -- surveillance:

To Sunil, the big dividing line is less about legal vs. illegal but around this issue of attribution. "This is the most exciting area because this (the non-attribution area) is where you escape surveillance," he declares.

"All the modern day regulation over IP is trying to pin an individual against their actions and then trying to attach responsibility so as to prosecute them," Sunil says. "All that is circumvented when you play with the attribution layer."

This matters a great deal for individuals and organizations trying to create counter power -- particularly against the state or large corporate interests. In this regard Sunil is actually linking the tools (or permissions) along the open spectrum to civil disobedience.

It's a fascinating piece that brings some fresh ideas to an area that has been steadily gaining in importance for some time. I hope that Abraham builds on these thoughts, and publishes some more extended and worked-out explorations of them -- ultimately, perhaps, as a book.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/techdirt-august-14-2013-glyn-moody-extending-spectrum-openness-to-include-moral-right-to-share

Surveillance: Privacy Vs Security

praskrishna — 2013-08-19T05:32:55Z

The Foundation for Media Professionals is organizing a debate at the India International Centre, New Delhi on August 17, 2013. Shri Kapil Sibal will give the opening speech. Natgrid chief Raghu Raman is one of the debaters. Pranesh Prakash is participating in this event as a panelist.

This was published by the Foundation for Media Professionals on their website. Also read the blog post by Vivian Fernandes and Ninglun Hanghal.

In the backdrop of the recent disclosures by US defense contractor Edward Snowden about the activity of the National Security Agency (NSA) and reports that NSA may have collaborated with India on surveillance program in the country that have raised concerns about privacy and right of citizens, Foundation for Media Professionals (FMP) in partnership with Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) invited Pranesh Prakash to a panel discussion on "Surveillance: Privacy vs. Security".

Guest Speaker
Kapil Sibal, Union Minister for Communications and Information Technology, Govt. of India

Panelists

Pranesh Prakash, Policy Director, Centre for Internet and Society

Dr. Usha Ramanathan, Independent Law Researcher
Saikat Datta, Resident Editor, DNA
Capt. Raghu Raman, National Intelligence Grid (Natgrid)

Moderator

Paranjoy Guha Thakurta

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/foundation-for-media-professionals-august-17-2013-surveillance-privacy-v-security

Copy 'N' Paste: Ausstellung

praskrishna — 2013-08-28T09:36:53Z

Dr. Nishant Shah was a speaker at this event hosted by Post Media Lab on August 12, 2013. He spoke on "About the Violence of Knowledge Cartels".

Click to see the flier of the event here.

Agenda

18:00 : Opening »Fumus & Nebula« >

+ Rolf Grossmann, audio^[+] – Institut für Kultur und Ästhetik Digitaler Medien (ICAM) >

Grußwort, Ulrich Petersen, Direktor Musikschule Lüneburg >

18:30 : Prolog, Oliver Lerone Schultz, Post-Media Lab

18:50 : »Urheberrecht in der digitalen Welt« Philipp Otto, irights >

19:15 : »About the Violence of Knowledge Cartels« Nishant Shah, Centre for Internet and Society >

19:30 : Vorstellung der Exponate: »Videomixtape« Jule von Hertell > // »cool clear water« Monika Jarecka > // »G-Cloud« Ulrike Wilkens

ca. 20 : Ending »Fumus & Nebula«

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/postmedialab-august-12-2013-copynpaste-ausstellung

Logo

praskrishna — 2016-10-24T08:06:21Z

The Centre for Internet and Society has published its logo under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Click on the links below to download the logo in the format of your choice:

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/about/logos/cis-logos

CIS EPS Logo

praskrishna — 2013-08-14T10:19:10Z

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/about/logos/cis-logo.svg

Krishnarajapet Wikipedia Workshop (Coverage in Prajavani)

praskrishna — 2013-09-05T05:50:24Z

Prajavani covered the Kannada Wikipedia workshop organised by the CIS-A2K team and the Kannada Sahitya Parishat of KR Pet., on August 12, 2013. A scanned version of the report is produced below.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/prajavani-august-12-2013-krishnarajapet-workshop

Krishnarajapet Wikipedia Workshop (Coverage in Suvarna Times of Karnataka)

praskrishna — 2013-09-05T06:10:01Z

Suvarna Times of Karnataka covered the Kannada Wikipedia workshop organised by the CIS-A2K team and the Kannada Sahitya Parishat of KR Pet., on August 12, 2013. A scanned version of the report is produced below.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/suvarna-times-of-karnataka-august-12-2013-krishnarajapet-workshop