Centre for Internet and Society

A Feature on Wikipedia and Telugu Wikipedians on HMTV

praskrishna — 2013-08-21T04:46:47Z

Based on the Telugu Wiki Mahotsavam, HMTV (one of the leading Telugu News channels in Andhra Pradesh) has produced a half an hour feature on Wikipedia and Telugu Wikipedians.

This feature gives a concise history of the growth of Wikipedia and the efforts being put in developing Indian Language Wikipedias. Done in collaboration with Telugu Wikipeidans, this feature also showcases some of the key Telugu Wikipedians who have attended Telugu Wiki Mahotsavam — a community event supported by CIS-A2K and WMI Chapter. This feature was broadcast on May 30 and was repeated on May 31.

Video

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/hmtv-may-30-2013-wikipedia-and-telugu-wikipedians

A Feature on Telugu Wikipedia

praskrishna — 2013-12-30T06:01:59Z

Namaste Telangana newspaper has done a Sunday magazine feature on Telugu Wikipedia on the occasion of the 10th anniversary.

Click to download the file.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/feature-on-telugu-wikipedia

A Dialogue on "Zero Rating" and Network Neutrality

praskrishna — 2015-11-08T04:21:26Z

Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2015 will be held at Jao Pessoa in Brazil from November 10 to 13, 2015. The theme of IGF 2015 is Evolution of Internet Governance: Empowering Sustainable Development. The workshop on Zero Rating and Network Neutrality will be held on November 12, 2015 at IGF 2015. Pranesh Prakash will be speaking at this event.

This was published on the IGF website. Read here the details.

Overview:
The objective of this session is to provide the global Internet community, and policymakers in particular, with an informed and balanced dialogue on the complex Internet policy issue of “zero-rating.”

The purpose of the session is to help others, in their respective countries and locales, in their own analyses of Zero-Rating (ZR). The session will promote access to expert insight and multistakeholder community discussion. We encourage remote and in-person participation and aim for complete diversity across stakeholder groups and perspectives. As a main session, translation will be available in the official UN languages.

There are many different viewpoints on ZR, with some stakeholders being completely against the practice to others being fully supportive. In the open discussion leading up to this session, it has become apparent that some stakeholder approaches to ZR are more nuanced and varied than “for or against.” The session will consider the full spectrum of views.

In the case where ZR is advanced as a means to drive Internet access and narrow the digital divide, this session will also explore alternative approaches, such as the use of community networks.

Agenda:

The agenda is currently being developed between organizers and moderators. Based upon list discussion to date, the session will involve the following elements:

Introduction and Opening - After a brief introduction by the session organizers, the lead moderator will ask expert speakers to provide a brief description of how they view ZR.

Multistakeholder, expert dialogue - A moderated discussion on zero-rating amongst experts holding different positions and perspectives. The discussion will be based upon policy questions contributed from the community.

Community questions and discussion - Remote and in-person participants will be invited to pose questions to the experts, as well as to engage in guided discussion on topics raised.

Alternatives - Alternatives to zero-rating as a means to advance access, such as community networks, will be explained and illustrated.

Contributions from relevant IGF workshops - A handful of workshops at this year’s IGF will consider zero-rating. Organisers or participants from these workshops will be invited to contribute a readout to the session.

Policy Questions:

Based upon submissions from the community, below are examples of the policy questions that will be addressed during the session:

Please describe ZR as you see it in 90 seconds.
Under what circumstances are there benefits of ZR? What are the benefits? Under what circumstances are there detriments from ZR? What are the detriments?
Is all zero-rating bad? Or are there business models of ZR that are good? Should the bad models be regulated? should the good models be regulated? How?
Is ZR an anti-competitive business practice, or does ZR enhance competition?
Does a focus on Zero-Rated Internet access in developing countries divert government attention and investment away from other efforts to enhance access?
In those countries which have banned zero rating, what has been the impact?
Does ZR limit or skew end-user behavior? If so, how? Is this effect different from that of other free offerings over the Internet?
1. What are your thoughts,, for example, the following hypothetical: Imagine that Developer says to Consumer, "Send me your Internet bill at the end of the month. If you are being charged $Y/MB, and you consume Z MB of our service, we will send you a check for $Y*Z or simply reduce your bill with us by that amount.
How should regulators / governments address the potential tension between expanding Internet connectivity and the desire for “pure net neutrality?”

Host Country Chair: Mr. Nivaldo Cleto, Owner at Classico Consultoria, Advisor to the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee of Brazil (CGI.br) and Board member of the Board of Trade of Sao Paulo (JUCESP), as a Representative of the Union.

Moderators:

The role of the moderators is to keep the discussion focused, self-referencing, fluid, friendly, and on time.

Lead/expert moderator: Robert Pepper, VP, Global Technology Policy, Cisco
Remote moderator: Ginger Paque, Director, Internet Governance Programmes, Diplo
Floor and Readout moderator: Carolina Rossini, VP, International Policy, Public Knowledge
Floor and Readout moderator: Vladimir Radunovic, Director, E-diplomacy and Cybersecurity Programmes, Diplo

Expert speakers: (confirmed as of 29 October 2015)

Jochai Ben-Avie, Senior Global Policy Manager, Mozilla, USA
Eduardo Bertoni, Professor, Universidad de Palermo, Argentina
Igor Vilas Boas de Freitas, Commissioner, ANATEL, Brazil
Dušan Caf, Chairman, Electronic Communications Council, Republic of Slovenia
Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood, Research Fellow, London School of Economics, UK/Peru
Belinda Exelby, Director, Institutional Relations, GSMA, UK
Bob Frankston, Computer Scientist, USA
Helani Galpaya, CEO, LIRNEasia, Sri Lanka
Anka Kovacs, Director, Internet Democracy Project, India
Kevin Martin, VP, Mobile and Global Access Policy, Facebook, USA
Pranesh Prakash, Policy Director, Center for Internet and Society, India
Steve Song, Founder, Village Telco, South Africa/Canada
Dhanaraj Thakur, Research Manager, Alliance for Affordable Internet, USA/West Indies
Christopher Yoo, Professor of Law, Communication, and Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA

Plan for online interaction:

This session will include a remote panelist who will be prepared to speak from a remote hub.

Both in situ and remote interventions are being carefully coordinated to maximise a diversity of views in the available time.

This session will treat online participants on equal footing with in situ attendees, and will monitor remote attendees specifically to ensure that their requests to ask questions will be noted. Participant interventions in the session will consist of questions, at two structured points in the session. Floor moderators will collect the questions, and will consult with the panel remote moderator to ensure that remote questions are considered, as the moderators select for stakeholder balance and remote representation. Remote participant questions will be read into the session in English or Spanish by the remote moderator, to avoid 'transaction cost' (time and possible connection difficulties).

‘Feeder’ workshops and/or connections with other sessions:

We have identified the following workshops and other sessions as relevant. Each shall provide a 1-2 minute readout or preview from their session.

Workshop No. 156: Zero-rating and neutrality policies in developing countries
Workshop No. 79: Zero-rating, Open Internet, and Freedom of Expression
Workshop No. 21: SIDS Roundtable: “Free Internet” - Bane or Boon?
Dynamic Coalition Session: Dynamic Coalition on Net Neutrality
Access/PROTESTE event on Zero-Rating

Desired results/output:

As explained above, our desired result is to provide the global Internet community with a well-rounded and insightful dialogue on the Internet policy issue of zero-rating. The discussion is an output in and of itself, from which policymakers around the world should benefit. In accordance with the IGF reporting requirement, a rapporteur shall produce a neutral report of the session, which will not draw conclusions on the topic, but rather will summarise the main points discussed.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/a-dialogue-on-zero-rating-and-network-neutrality

A Day in Life

praskrishna — 2018-12-11T13:45:37Z

A Day in Life

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/home-images/ADayinLife.jpg

A dangerous trend: social media adds fire to Muzaffarnagar clashes

praskrishna — 2013-09-12T10:50:26Z

As access to the Internet grows, especially in small Indian towns and cities, social media has revealed a darker side as a hatred-mongering tool capable of setting off serious violence.

This article by Zia Haq was published in the Hindustan Times on September 9, 2013. Sunil Abraham is quoted.

Malicious content, such as fake YouTube videos and morphed photographs, are usually spread rapidly to trigger rioting.

In UP’s Muzzafarnagar, a video clip purportedly showing a Muslim mob lynching two boys, which police now suspect is from neighboring Pakistan or Afghanistan, was used to stir unease, deepening hatred between Muslims and Hindus.

A series of rioting in western UP district has left at least 41 dead. The circulation of the video had led to violence spreading to new areas. The fake video that escalated clashes portends a new trend in India’s discordant politics.

“From word of mouth, communal polarization, especially by Hindutva organisations, is now moving online. This is a dangerous trend since the Internet is very potent,” said Prof Badri Narayan of the GB Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad.

Research shows social media sites, including sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are more persuasive than television ads. Nearly 100 million Indians use the Internet each day, more than Germany’s population. Of this, 40 million have assured broadband, the ones who mostly subscribe to social-media accounts.

The country also has about 87 million mobile-Internet users, according to Internet and Mobile Association of India.

UP’s police have blocked the video, invoking sections under 420 (forgery), 153-A (promoting enmity on religious grounds) and 120-B (conspiracy) of the Indian Penal Code, along with section 66 of the Information Technology Act.

Section 66, however, is the heart of a free-speech debate. Activists say section 66 has been used at the drop of a hat.

Last November, two Mumbai girls faced arrests for questioning the city’s shutdown for Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray’s funeral. The arrests were declared illegal after being roundly criticised, including by the Supreme Court.

“In this case, the government has a legitimate reason to censor speech. However, this requires the authorities to very focused and action should be targeted, rather than sweeping,” said Sunil Abraham of the Bangalore-based The Centre for Internet and Society.

The government’s action, Abraham said, tended to be broad-based. He said in such situations, the government could use public-service messaging to present the alternate view.

“Legal provisions could be made whereby Twitter users from India, for example, (compulsorily) see the public service message by default when they log in,” Abraham said.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/hindustan-times-september-9-2013-zia-haq-a-dangerous-trend

A billion mobile users: new startup profiles and innovation insights from Mobile India 2016

praskrishna — 2016-01-17T15:13:42Z

The annual Mobile India conference, for which YourStory was the media partner, wrapped up recently in Bengaluru with a startup showcase and a wide range of insights on mobile innovation in India.

The blog post by Sneha Maselkar and Madanmohan Rao was first published in Your Story on January 14, 2016. Sunil Abraham was quoted.

Chaired by professors V. Sridhar of IIIT Bangalore and D. Manjunath of IIT Bombay, the event’s theme was ‘The App Economy.’ (See YourStory coverage of the earlier editions of this conference: 2015, 2014 and 2013).

Mobile innovators

New products were presented by innovators like Pravin Bhagwat, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, AirTight Networks. The company is creating an app store based on ‘social WiFi,’ riding on Google+ and Facebook. A number of interesting startups like IoTM2MSolutions were also at the event. Founded by Ismail Zabihullahh in 2009, the 15-member team has a range of offerings in home automation, RFID biometrics, street lighting and smart parking solutions.

Inaccel is a med-tech accelerator founded in 2014 by Siraj Dhanani, Vijayarajan and Dr. Jagish Chaturvedi. It address the needs, resource and skill gaps, and price-sensitivity of clinical markets, and helps startups conceptualise, design, engineer, and achieve regulatory certification. Its portfolio picks companies with a five-year horizon, in exchange for equity stakes.

Dataglen was formed in 2014 by Deva P. Seetharam, Tanuja Ganu, Sunil Ghai and Rajesh Kunnath. It provides Internet of Things (IoT) data collection and management services, and provides an API for users to develop applications on a variety of computing platforms. The startup charges for data management services based on the volume of transactions and for any required customisation services.

Czar Securities was founded in August 2013 by Shikhil Sharma and Ananda Krishna. Two employees Deepankar Tyagi and Nakul Gulati joined in quick succession. The cyber security solutions company secures corporate IT infrastructure from cyber attacks. Offerings include ASTRA, an intrusion prevention system, as well as penetration testing and security audit services.

Infilect was founded in April 2015 by Vijay Gabale and Anand Prabhu Subramanian. They are building an AI-enabled personalised fashion shopping assistant. The product, Photolect, helps in discovery, search and personalisation for online shoppers by parsing of photos. The product is in beta-test mode with several fashion experts evaluating its features.

Sattva Medtech was founded in 2014 by Vibhav Joshi and Sumedh Kaulgud. They are developing a next-generation fetal health monitoring device which leverages advanced sensors and algorithms. This device, called the Sattva Fetal Lite, has been designed and engineered for use in India and other low-and-mid-income countries; the team has raised an undisclosed amount in seed funding from InnAccel.

Coeo Labs was founded in October 2014 by Nitesh Kumar Jangir and Nachiket Deval. It is a medical device company, developing products in the field of emergency and critical care. Offerings include a device to reduce chances of acquiring ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and a mechanical CPAP machine (mCPAP) for transport of neonates with troubled breathing, from a resource-constrained setting to a neonatal ICU.

IoT scenarios

Over a dozen experts from India and the US discussed the latest mobile trends in a day of packed panel sessions and keynotes. Interface design, usable security and systems integration are key success factors for IoT, according to Henning Schulzrinne, Professor at Columbia University, and CTO, United States Federal Communications Commission. Consumer and industrial IoT scenarios differ with respect to predictability, redundancy, energy consumption and interoperability.

He pointed out categories and uses cases of high IoT impacts: automation of manual data extraction (metering), remote maintenance (vending machines), extraction of additional information (thermostats) and software-defined mechanics (locks, switches).

“IoT networks won’t operate just on mobile carriers, but also on other networks such as Zigbee and Bluetooth,” Henning explained. The Internet itself will be transformed by IoT. “Protocols matter, programmability matters more,” he added. The Internet is becoming more than the Internet protocol; plug-and-play is becoming augmented by plug-and-programme in the IoT world.

The ‘DNA’ of apps

The proliferation of apps can lead to the rise of localised app stores in local languages, said Chinnu Senthilkumar, CTO, Exfinity Ventures, pointing to Korea as an example in this regard. “Many apps are local. How well do you know the digital literacy of your neighbourhood users,” he asked.

Most apps in India are of the ‘me-too’ type; developers need to incorporate better user experience (UX) and bring in more cross-disciplinary experience (see earlier insights from the UX India 2015 conference and NASSCOM NPC 2015). “Security is still an afterthought in app development,” cautioned Chinnu.

“You need to figure out the DNA of the mobile experience: Device, Network, App,” explained Amar Nagaram, Director, Mobile Engineering, Flipkart. The e-commerce giant classifies devices into four broad categories, and its app design factors in the app size, data stored on the device, and computational power of the device.

Battery requirements of the device and packet drop rates on mobile networks are major constraints on app performance in India. Online shopping lets users interact with catalogues as well as product experts.

“I had to unlearn a lot of things from the Internet world which may not apply in a similar manner to the app world. For example, not all older versions of apps need to be supported,” explained Amar.

“Ask yourself, what does your app do for consumers?” advised Pradeep Nair, Co-Founder and CEO, Confianzys. Developers should be looking not at product-market fit, but market-product fit. “Industries die because of their myopia; they focus on past products and not future consumer needs,” he said, urging developers to track-long term megatrends as well.

Telcos’ role in the App Economy

The telecommunications world is changing rapidly due to trends like IoT, new breeds of apps, video boom and Big Data, observed Ishwardutt Parulkar, Cisco Distinguished Engineer. Telcos are struggling to get new drivers for existing services, new revenue sources, and new sources of consumer loyalty.

“Telcos need to provide APIs to developers for embedding telco services and network analytics data. Telcos can also play a bigger role in mobile advertising, for example network-wide ad blocking, as in the case of Jamaica,” advised Ishwardutt. Telcos can exploit synergy with cloud services, and resell SaaS products bundled with telco products.

“We are witnessing major waves of disruptive innovation today: the rise from oblivion to the top is rapid – and so is the fall from the top,” said SR Raja, Associate Vice President, Persistent Systems. Many incumbents tend to suffer from ignorance, inertia, and the inability to do little more than tweak or tinker with existing offerings.

There is a Moore’s Law variant for all architecture components, including programming languages. Hence, telcos need to master new business models blending product and service, advised Raja. “Even regulated industries can be disrupted from outside – look at Uber and Tesla. Will telcos experiment with surge pricing like Uber, or become IoT solutions systems integrators,” he asked. For example, operator O2 has used mobile identity to launch its own messaging OTT app, and Vodafone is getting into IoT services.

Operators and Net Neutrality

The Mobile India conference took place with the backdrop of a heated battle over Net Neutrality between Facebook’s Free Basics and Internet activists from India, which has received a lot of media coverage in India and overseas.

This calls for the digital media community and entrepreneur ecosystem to pay attention to complex but important issues such as Internet governance. “The next billion users in India may be very different from the current billion, in terms of geography, language and access device,” observed Samiran Gupta, Head-India, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

ICANN’s objective is to maintain inter-operability of the Internet, and there is a unique opportunity for emerging economies to play a stronger role in Internet governance, in issues such as local languages and scripts.

Regulation and digital innovation

Regulators have major challenges ahead in juggling the needs of multiple stakeholders and demands for different slices of spectrum. “There are 43 different kinds of radio-communication services competing for spectrum,” said Pavan Garg, Former Wireless Adviser, GoI, and former Member, Radio Regulations Board, ITU, Geneva.

Regulators need to become much more savvy on the kind of collusions possible between industry heavyweights, according to Sunil Abraham, Executive Director, Centre for Internet and Society.

If India gets its IP regime correct, the local language content economy can be boosted, in addition to other civic benefits. For example, giving anonymised data access to independent researchers has helped LIRNEasia come up with better transportation design in Sri Lanka.

The discussion covered a wide range of interesting possibilities. In the EU, it is mandated that all mobile phones be able to display all European languages. Can India do the same for local languages? Will regulation promote support for Indic language technology on mobiles, or should this be left purely to the market? Organisations such as the Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) is working on Indian language standards in ICTs.

The app economy can indeed be accelerated with proactive government intervention, said Parnil Urdhwareshe, Research Assistant at ICRIER and co-author of a report on ‘Impact of India’s App Economy.’ India’s app ecosystem could be worth Rs 2,000 crore in 2016; it created about 75,000 direct jobs in 2015, according to the report.

The government can pass regulations on apps covering privacy, Net Neutrality and safety, eg. SoS buttons, medical apps. The UK government has drawn up a range of app guidelines covering issues such as in-app purchases.

“Design in India is more important than Make In India,” said Vipin Tyagi, Executive Director, C-DOT, drawing attention to issues of participatory design and citizen-centric services rather than only one-way top-down initiatives from government and large industry players.

The road ahead

Broadband penetration in India is only 10 per cent. By 2018, video will be 62 per cent of India’s mobile data traffic, and there will be 526 million Internet users, according to Anil Kaushal, Member, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).

The government’s BharatNet initiative aims to connect 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats across the country. TRAI has given recommendations for Virtual Network Operators, wherein niche players can offer Smart City services.

In addition to regulators, operators and developers, success of the app economy also rests on responsible user behaviour, said Deepak Maheshwari, Head-Government Affairs, Symantec. “Be more active with respect to data encryption on your device. Use multi-factor authentication,” he advised.

Seventy per cent of India’s population lives in villages; digital innovation will help bring education and healthcare to them, said Vimal Wakhlu, Chairman & Managing Director, TCIL. There are also global extensions and markets for Indian innovations, such as the Pan-African E-Network targeted at 53 countries. There are major uses of ICTs across India, such as monitoring the cleaning of the Ganges as well as water gate management in Gujarat, Vimal added.

“India needs to mandate telecom infrastructure in real estate development and town planning. Digital media will change the way we learn and earn,” said T.R. Dua, Director General, Tower and Infrastructure Providers Association (TAIPA) India, and Co-Chair ITU APT Foundation of India.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/telecom/news/yourstory-sneha-maselkar-and-madanmohan-rao-january-14-2016-a-billion-mobile-users

A beauty’s blog creates furore

praskrishna — 2012-04-11T03:50:47Z

Her first Tamil poetry anthology Otraiyilaiyena (As a single leaf) saw three editions and the second one Ulagin Azhagiya Muthal Penn (The first beautiful woman in the world) invited mixed reactions like Iyal Poetry Award and a call for a ban by Hindu Makkal Katchi. Parathaiyarul Raani (Queen of sluts) her third collection was a reaction to all the moral policing.

Lakshmi Krupa's article was published in Deccan Chronicle on April 10, 2012

While her film Sengadal The Dead Sea was stopped from being screened to the public, until the Supreme Court’s Appellate tribunal intervened with regional censor board for the film clearance, groups like the Makkal Kalai Ilakiya Kazhagam attacked her beliefs. Adding to this list is the latest revelation that the Principal Secretary of IT Department of the Tamil Nadu government requested that her blog be blocked along with a host of others.

In a text sent from A.K. Kaushik, Additional Director & CPIO Cyber Laws & E-Security in response to an RTI petition on Website Blocking, it was reported that Leena’s blog http://ulaginazhagiyamuthalpenn.blogspot.com was requested to be blocked on 21.07.2010 by the Principal Secretary, IT Department.

This recent revelation has led to an outrage over the fact that artists and activists like Leena have had to constantly knock on the doors of the legal system to exercise the most basic of their rights. In an interview from London where she is currently the Charles Wallace Visiting Scholar at the University of London, Leena says, “Center for Internet and Society in Bengaluru that works towards upholding Civil Liberties Online, had obtained a list of all websites that were sought to be blocked by Governmental authorities with the use of Right to Information Act.

They sent me all the details on how my blog was one amongst them as the Principal Secretary, IT Department, Govt of TN had asked for it to be blocked. As the Internet’s role in free speech becomes increasingly prevalent, tactics to control the Internet are growing more refined each year. Methods of accessing private data and censoring content vary between countries, but all maintain an element of oppression. We, who are concerned about civil liberties should wake up to the secret missions of our government on Internet Censorship and protect freedom of speech online.”

Leena’s blog has been in the center of controversies before too. “Hindu Makkal Katchi, the right wing moral police lodged a police complaint to ban my poetry collections and ban my blog ulaginazhagiyamuthalpenn. blogspot.com. They went to every possible media house and were making threat calls and there were discussions on the alleged obscenity in my poems. They even wanted the Iyal International Poetry Prize and Sirpi Literary Awards to be revoked.”

Leena’s poetry challenges fanatic minds. “My poetry has a feminist agenda and it is just not about equal rights for women. It is a socialist, anti-institutional political movement which calls for women to break the code, destroy capitalism, live their sexuality and witch hunt every possible patriarchal design. I am not amused about the fact that my poetry gave jitters to ultra blasphemous right and left wingers,” she concludes.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/beauty-blog-creates-furore

A 13-year-old's rape in TN highlights the major threat online sexual grooming poses to children

praskrishna — 2017-05-19T10:16:40Z

Predatory paedophiles online pose a major threat to children who form 7% of internet users in India.

The blog post by Priyanka Thirumurthy was published by News Minute on May 6, 2017. Pranesh Prakash was quoted.

It was a usual practice, for 13-year-old Meena* from Tirupur to log into her father's Facebook account when she came home from school. While she was scrolling through his timeline one day, she received and accepted a friend request from a profile named Siva Idiot on Facebook. When this 'new friend' sent her a “hi” on chat, the young girl found no reason to ignore this message. Over the next 10 days, they chatted incessantly and she revealed all her personal details - where she lived, studied, who her parents were and even her phone number. Siva Idiot then proceeded to begin calling her on a mobile phone and their conversations lasted hours.

Meanwhile, miffed by her lack of focus on her studies, Meena's parents often chastised her and threatened to take away her laptop and mobile phone. An upset Meena proceeded to complain to Siva Idiot about the 'problems' she faced, who provided emotional support to the teenager. He even offered to come meet her outside her home.

Meena's parents were out in their offices till 8pm every day and Siva Idiot knew this. He met Meena outside her home, when she was still upset about her parents' advice. Her 'friend' then convinced the teenager to leave her house and marry him. Fifteen days after she first spoke to him on Facebook, 13-year-old Meena ran away from home to 'get married' to 22-year-old Ibrahim.

Online sexual grooming

"This is a classic case of sexual grooming," says Vidya Reddy, of Tulir, Centre for Prevention and Healing of Child Sexual Abuse. "Abusers study a situation carefully to understand what a child's Achilles heel is and then exploit the situation. Now, with almost every child having accesses to technology and internet in the form of a laptop or phone, these criminals have found new platforms to target children," she adds.

What Vidya explains is called online sexual grooming, a worldwide phenomenon, that has spread along with the speed and easy access to the internet. According to UNICEF, it can be defined as preparing a child or adult for sexual abuse, exploitation or ideological manipulation. A report released by the organisation in 2014 states that the surge in mobile and internet usage in India had brought 400 million people online. Of this, seven percent of internet users in the country are reportedly children.

"Phones are now an extension of our hands and it has completely changed the way crime is committed and presented, " Vidya notes.

Even a report of the Parliamentary Committee on Information Technology in 2014 recognized the threat posed to children by predatory paedophiles online. It emphasises how these predators "conceal their true identity whilst using the internet to ‘groom’ potential victims for sexual purposes."

From home to horror

Meena too was unaware about the identity of the person she was chatting with. In fact, an officer told The News Minute, that it was only when Ibrahim called her on the phone that she even realised she had compromised all her data to an unknown man. But Ibrahim, as the police put it, was too smart for the girl.

"He spoke to her very nicely and formed an emotional connect before she even realised the dangers of the situation," a police officer told The News Minute. "He was just somebody who did odd jobs for a living but his real life was on Facebook. He has close to 5000 friends and they are all young girls," she admits.

On April 27, Ibrahim and Meena made their way to Puducherry, where they took shelter at his friend Prabhakar’s motel. That very night, Meena was allegedly raped. The next morning, Ibrahim's phone somehow came into her possession and when the child surfed through the picture gallery, fresh horror awaited her. It was filled with obscene pictures and videos of young women and children. Shocked, Meena confronted Ibrahim about this and the two got into a loud fight. An angry Ibrahim then abused the teenager who refused to leave with him and abandoned her in the lodge.

When the hotel manager and Ibrahim's friend Prabhakaran came to investigate the source of commotion, he found a devastated Meena alone in the room. In an effort to ‘cheer her up’ he took her out to eat and bought her clothes. As Meena changed in the room, Prabhakaran allegedly waited outside to make his move. He went into the room with a yellow thread in hand, and when she was ready, tied it around her neck and declared that they were married. He then proceeded, according to officials, to sexually assault the girl.

Prabhakaran had even mortgaged all her jewellery, given her some money and pocketed the rest. On April 29, the frightened and devastated teenager managed to escape from the lodge and make a call to her house from a nearby bus stop. By then, her parents had already filed a missing girl complaint with the Tirupur North police and were frantically searching for her.

The need to intervene

According to the UNICEF report, India falls largely short in terms of awareness about online child sexual abuse and exploitation. Parents, it claims, are not aware of the risks the internet poses and therefore do not respond effectively to this form of harassment.

"This case shows that parents and schools have to spend more time educating their wards on online safety. In many schools, non- digital safety lessons are imparted such as good touch and bad touch. But when it comes to the internet, they don't even impart basic lessons," says Pranesh Prakash, Director of the Centre for Internet and Society.

Pranesh argues that while parents cannot monitor children's activity on the internet the whole day, they can ensure they have a trusting relationship with their children. This he claims will create dialogue on the child's activity on the internet or social media and create awareness.

"In this crime, details shared online, led to an offline meeting. So, children must be taught to not share addresses, personal details or meet such 'friends' without their parents' knowledge." he adds.

In India, two major challenges are the lack of a uniform terminology and lacunae in law as far as sexual grooming of children is concerned. Some key legal instruments meant to protect children, predate technological advances. For example, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography does not criminalize online sexual grooming.

Establishing the criminality of sexual grooming or even sexting is difficult in view of the potential for misuse of the law, states the UNICEF report.

Back home and healing

Following her desperate phone call, Tirupur police rescued Meena, and went on to arrest Ibrahim in Pondicherry on April 30. Prabhakaran was arrested on May 2. They have been booked under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) and other sections of the Indian Penal Code. Police are now investigating if Ibrahim and Prabahakaran have been involved in crimes of this nature in the past as well.

"There is only so much parents can do. They work till eight in the night and children who come back from school at 4pm, have four unsupervised hours to themselves. The only thing they can do is keep a password and stop children from using social media accounts," says the investigating officer, who observes that a number of children chat with strangers, making it difficult to keep track.

Vidya Reddy too expresses shock at sheer number of teenagers who chat with strangers online. The Tulir Director recounts horrific cases, including one where a 16-year-old girl was sexually assaulted and then blackmailed with videos of the abuse. The perpetrator allegedly threatened to leak the images if girl did not bring another child for him to rape.

While sexual grooming and other forms of online sexual abuse are common across the world, in India it takes a unique shape in South Asia. "Our society creates a repressive atmosphere, as far as engagement with the other gender is concerned. So, when the conversation is online, teenagers will risk their safety to push boundaries and the anonymity the internet provides has made this whole set up even more dangerous," concludes Vidya Reddy.

*Name changed

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/newsminute-may-6-2017-a-13-year-olds-rape-in-tn-highlights-the-major-threat-online-sexual-grooming-poses-to-children

[OpenGLAM] Nominate an OpenGLAM project today for the 2015 Muse Awards

praskrishna — 2015-05-27T14:08:55Z

It's that time of the year again to nominate projects for the Muse Awards! This is like the Oscar of GLAM awards in the USA and welcomes international submissions.

Our esteemed jury comprises of:

Glen Barnes, Founder/CEO of MyTours and co-founder of Open New Zealand
Dominic McDevitt-Parks, Digital Content Specialist, National Archives and Records Administration
Subhashish Panigrahi, Programme Officer, Centre for Internet and Society
Jane Park, Project Manager, Creative Commons
Lieke Ploeger, Community Manager, Open Knowledge Foundation
Merete Sanderhoff, Curator, National Gallery of Denmark

Submissions are due Feb 23.

Please submit your OpenGLAM projects!!! This is a volunteer driven process, and we throw a big award ceremony with lots of champagne at the annual AAM conference.

More details here.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/open-glam-nominate-open-glam-project-today-for-2015-muse-awards

शंभर वर्षांपूर्वीच्या पुस्तकांचे होणार डिजिटायझेशन

praskrishna — 2015-12-15T07:47:20Z

Lokmat (newspaper) covered Maharashtra Granthottejak Sanstha's Project news.

Read the original article in Lokmat here.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/news/93690292d930-93593094d93793e90292a94293094d93594091a94d92f93e-92a94193894d92491593e90291a947-93994b92393e930-92193f91c93f91f93e92f91d947936928

शंभर वर्षापूर्वीचे ग्रंथ मराठी विकिपीडियावर

praskrishna — 2016-06-22T14:53:03Z

The article was published in Maharashtra Times on June 15, 2016. Abhinav Garule and Tanveer Hasan have been quoted.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/a2k/news/maharashtra-times-june-15-cis-a2k-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-granthottejak-sanstha

तेसर फ्यूल कॉन्फरेंस आओर मोज़िला हैकाथन संपन्न

praskrishna — 2015-12-15T07:59:47Z

तेसरा फ़्यूल ज़िल्ट कॉन्फरेंस 2015 23 तारिख कए चेन्नई मे संपन्न भेल ।

The article was published by esamaad on November 19, 2015.

भाषाई कंप्यूटिंगक लेल मानक संसाधन बनेबा मे पिछला सात साल स लागल फ़्यूल परियोजना दिस स 2013 मे शुरू करल गेल एहि सम्मेलन क प्रायोजक आओर आयोजक दुनिया क जानल-मानल कंपनी मोज़िला, सी-डैक आओर रेड हैट छल। तीन दिवसीय इ सम्मेलन 20 नवंबर कए आरंभ भेल। एकर उद्घाटन सत्र कए मोज़िला क लोकलाइजेशन ड्राइवर एक्सेल हेच्ट, आईआईटी मद्रास क प्रोफ़ेसर हेमा मूर्ति, आईआईटी मद्रासे क हेमचंद्रण कराह आओर सीडैक क सहायक निदेशक जसजीत सिंह संबोधित केलथि‍। पहि‍ल दिन क सांझक पैनल डिसक्शन मे मोज़िला क पेइंग मो आओर आर्की आ अवाया क जी. करूणाकर आओर फ्यूल प्रोजेक्ट क संस्थापक राजेश रंजन क मॉडरेशन मे खुजल परिचर्चा भेल। पहि‍ल दिन क कार्यक्रम मे कैकटा जानल-मानल भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग पर काज करय बला विद्वान हिस्सा लेलथि‍ ।

तमिलनाडु क स्थानीय भाषाई तकनीकी विशेषज्ञ क अलावा एहि सम्मेलन मे भारत आओर नेपाल क विभिन्न भाषा-भाषाई हिस्सा क करीब पचास स बेसी लोग उपस्थित छलाह। तीन दिवसीय एहि सम्मेलन क पहि‍ल दिन सभ लेल खुलल छल जखनकि अगि‍ला दू दिन मोज़िला लोकलाइजेशन हैकाथन क कार्यक्रम चलल जेकरा लेल सहभागी ख़ास तौर पर आमंत्रित कैल गेल छलाह। लोकलाइजेशन कोनो स्रोत भाषा से स्थानीय भाषा मे कोनो उत्पाद कए बदलबा क पूरा प्रक्रिया कए कहल जाएत छल। एहिक अंतर्गत मोज़िलाक विभिन्न उत्पाद क लोकलाइजेशन यानी स्थानीयकरण क प्रक्रिया, ओहि मे सुधार आओर भविष्य क कार्ययोजना पर विस्तार स चर्चा भेल। पूरा कार्यक्रम क संचालन सी-डैक क तकनीकी अधिकारी चंद्रकांत धूताडमल केलथि‍।

उद्घाटन सत्र क आरंभ करैत फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट क संस्थापक राजेश रंजन फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट क बारे मे उपस्थित श्रोता क बतेलथि‍ – ओ बतेलथि‍ कि खालि सामुदायिक योगदान आओर कि‍छु संगठनक मदति क बदौलत भाषाई संसाधन क इ प्रोजेक्ट दुनिया क सबसे पैघ खुलल परियोजना बनि‍ गेल छल। मानक तकनीकी शब्दावली, स्टाइल गाइड, ट्रांसलेशन एसेसमेंट मैट्रिक्स सहित कैकटा महत्वपूर्ण संसाधन स लैस इ प्रोजेक्ट विश्वव्यापी भाषाई संदर्भ क बड़का अभिलेख बनि‍ गेल छल। गौरतलब अछि कि दुनिया क क़रीब 60 भाषा क भाषा समुदाय अखैन एहि परिजोयना स जुड़ल छल। मोज़िला क एक्सेल भारत मे बढ़ि‍ रहल इंटरनेट उपयोगकर्ताओं क महत्व कए रेखांकित करैत बतेलथि‍ कि मोज़िला आओर एकर खुलल मूल्य क उपस्थिति कतेक महत्वपूर्ण अछि। हेमा मू्र्ति क‍हलथि‍ कि अखनो भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग क स्थिति बेसी नीक नहि भेल है आओर एहि क्षेत्र मे आरो काज केनाय बाकी अछि। जसजीत सिंह कहलथि‍ कि कि‍छु आओर पैघ कंपनी क संग फ़्यूल क जुड़ाव भेनाय जरूरी अछि आओर उ कंपनी सब कए सामुदायिक रूप से तैयार कैल गेल संसाधन क महत्व कए बुझनाय चाही। समानता क चिह्न आओर डिजिटल मानविकी क विकास पर हेमचंद्रण क वक्तव्य बहुत उम्दा छल। ओ कहलथि‍ कि डिजिटल मानविकी पारंपरिक मानविकी कए हैक कए लेने अछि । ओ कहलथि‍ कि हमरा खाली इंटरफेस स्तरीय लोकलाइजेशन स ऊपर उठबा चाही।

कार्यक्रम मे लिब्रेऑफिस क इटालो विग्नोली, हमारा लिनक्स क विकास तारा, इतिहासकार रविकांत आओर जानल-मानल ब्लॉगर रवि रतलामी सेहो अपन वक्तव्य देलथि‍। भाषाई तकनीक विशेषज्ञ बिराज कर्माकर, प्रवीण ए, शुभाशीष पाणिग्रही, वीथिका मिश्रा, प्रवीण सतपुते, चंदन कुमार, राजू विंदाने सहित कैकटा लोग सेहो अपन वक्तव्य देलथि‍।

मोज़िलाक एक्सेल हेच्ट, पेइंग मो आओर आर्की क दिशा-निर्देश मे अंतिम दू दिन तक विभिन्न भाषा मे काज करय बला लोगक व्यापक परिचर्चा क दौरान कैकटा विषय पर बात भेल आओर उपस्थित लोग मोज़िला क स्वयंसेवी गतिविधियों क भविष्यक कार्ययोजना बनेलथ‍ि।

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/esamaad-november-19-2015-third-fuel-conference-completed-in-chennai

तीसरा फ्यूल कॉन्फ्रेंस और मोज़िला हैकाथन संपन्न

praskrishna — 2015-12-15T08:00:16Z

तीसरा फ़्यूल ज़िल्ट कॉन्फ्रेंस 2015, 22 नवंबर को चेन्नई में संपन्न हुआ. भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग के लिए मानक संसाधन बनाने में पिछले सात सालों से जुटी फ़्यूल परियोजना के द्वारा 2013 में आरंभ किए गए इस सम्मेलन के प्रायोजक और आयोजक दुनिया की जानी-मानी कंपनिया मोज़िला, सी-डैक और रेड हैट हैं.

The article was published by Surkhiyan on November 23, 2015.

तीन दिवसीय यह सम्मेलन 20 नवंबर को आरंभ हुआ. इसके उद्घाटन सत्र को मोज़िला के लोकलाइजेशन ड्राइवर एक्सेल हेच्ट, आईआईटी मद्रास की प्रोफ़ेसर हेमा मूर्ति, आईआईटी मद्रास के ही हेमचंद्रण कराह और सीडैक के सहायक निदेशक जसजीत सिंह ने संबोधित किया.

पहले दिन के शाम के पैनल डिसक्शन में मोज़िला की पेइंग मो और आर्की तथा अवाया के जी. करूणाकर और फ्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के संस्थापक राजेश रंजन के मॉडरेशन में खुली परिचर्चा हुई. पहले दिन के कार्यक्रम में कई जाने-माने भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग पर काम करने वाले विद्वानों ने हिस्सा लिया.

तमिलनाडु के स्थानीय भाषाई तकनीक विशेषज्ञों के अलावा इस सम्मेलन में भारत और नेपाल के विभिन्न भाषा-भाषाई हिस्से के करीब पचास से अधिक लोग उपस्थित हुए. तीन दिवसीय इस सम्मेलन का पहला दिन सभी लोगों के लिए खुला था जबकि अगला दो दिन मोज़िला लोकलाइजेशन हैकाथन का कार्यक्रम चला जिसके लिए सहभागी ख़ास तौर पर आमंत्रित किए गए थे.

लोकलाइजेशन किसी स्रोत भाषा से स्थानीय भाषा में किसी उत्पाद को बदलने की पूरी प्रक्रिया को कहा जाता है. इसके अंतर्गत मोज़िला के विभिन्न उत्पादों के लोकलाइजेशन यानी स्थानीयकरण की प्रक्रिया, उसमें सुधार और भविष्य की कार्ययोजना पर विस्तार से चर्चा हुई. पूरे कार्यक्रम का संचालन सी-डैक के तकनीकी अधिकारी चंद्रकांत धूताडमल ने किया.

उद्घाटन सत्र का आरंभ करते हुए फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के संस्थापक राजेश रंजन ने फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के बारे में उपस्थित श्रोताओं को बताया. उन्होंने बताया कि महज सामुदायिक योगदान और कुछ संगठनों की मदद के बदौलत भाषाई संसाधन का यह प्रोजेक्ट दुनिया का सबसे बड़ी खुली परियोजना बन गई है. मानक तकनीकी शब्दावली, स्टाइल गाइड, ट्रांसलेशन एसेसमेंट मैट्रिक्स सहित कई महत्वपूर्ण संसाधनों से लैस यह प्रोजेक्ट विश्वव्यापी भाषाई संदर्भ का बड़ा अभिलेख बन गया है.

गौरतलब है कि दुनिया की क़रीब 60 भाषाओं के भाषा समुदाय अभी इस परिजोयना से जुड़ी हुई है. मोज़िला के एक्सेल ने भारत में बढ़ रहे इंटरनेट उपयोगकर्ताओं के महत्व को रेखांकित करते हुए बताया कि मोज़िला और इसके खुले मूल्यों की उपस्थिति कितनी महत्वपूर्ण है. हेमा मू्र्ति ने कहा कि अभी भी भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग की स्थिति काफी अच्छी नहीं हुई है और इस क्षेत्र में काफी काम किए जाने बाकी हैं.

जसजीत सिंह ने कहा कि कुछ और बड़ी कंपनियों के साथ फ़्यूल का जुड़ाव होना जरूरी है और उन कंपनियों को सामुदायिक रूप से तैयार किए गए संसाधन के महत्व को समझना चाहिए. समानता के चिह्न और डिजिटल मानविकी का विकास पर हेमचंद्रण का वक्तव्य बेहद उम्दा रहा. उन्होंने कहा कि डिजिटल मानविकी ने पारंपरिक मानविकी को हैक कर लिया है. उन्होंने कहा कि हमें महज इंटरफेस स्तरीय लोकलाइजेशन से ऊपर उठना चाहिए.

कार्यक्रम में लिब्रेऑफिस के इटालो विग्नोली, हमारा लिनक्स के विकास तारा, इतिहासकार रविकांत और जाने-माने ब्लॉगर रवि रतलामी ने भी अपना वक्तव्य दिया. भाषाई तकनीक विशेषज्ञ बिराज कर्माकर, प्रवीण ए, शुभाशीष पाणिग्रही, वीथिका मिश्रा, प्रवीण सतपुते, चंदन कुमार, राजू विंदाने सहित कई लोगों ने अपना वक्तव्य दिया.

मोज़िला के एक्सेल हेच्ट, पेइंग मो और आर्की के दिशा-निर्देश में अंतिम दो दिनों तक विभिन्न भाषाओं में काम करने वाले लोगों ने व्यापक परिचर्चा के दौरान कई विषयों पर बातें की और उपस्थित लोगों ने मोज़िला की स्वयंसेवी गतिविधियों के भविष्य की कार्ययोजना बनाई.

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/surkhiyan-november-23-2015-fuel-gilt-conference

तीसरा फ्यूल जिल्ट कॉन्फ्रेंस और मोज़िला हैकाथन चेन्नई में संपन्न

praskrishna — 2015-12-15T07:51:39Z

तीसरा फ्यूल जिल्ट कॉन्फ्रेंस 2015 आज चेन्नई में संपन्न हुआ. भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग के लिए मानक भाषाई संसाधन और औज़ार बनाने में पिछले सात सालों से जुटी फ्यूल परियोजना के द्वारा 2013 में आरंभ किए गए इस सम्मेलन के प्रायोजक और आयोजक दुनिया की जानी-मानी कंपनियां मोज़िला, सी-डैक और रेड हैट हैं.

तीन दिवसीय यह सम्मेलन 20 नवंबर को चेन्नई के अन्ना विश्वविद्यालय के टैग ऑडिटोरियम में आरंभ हुआ. इसके उद्घाटन सत्र को मोज़िला के लोकलाइजेशन ड्राइवर एक्सेल हेच्ट, आईआईटी मद्रास की प्रोफ़ेसर हेमा मूर्ति, आईआईटी मद्रास के ही हेमचंद्रण कराह और सीडैक के सहायक निदेशक जसजीत सिंह ने संबोधित किया. पहले दिन के शाम के पैनल डिसक्शन में मोज़िला की पेइंग मो और आर्की तथा अवाया के जी. करूणाकर और फ्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के संस्थापक राजेश रंजन के मॉडरेशन में खुली परिचर्चा हुई. पहले दिन के कार्यक्रम में भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग पर काम करने वाले कई जाने-माने विद्वानों ने हिस्सा लिया.

तमिलनाडु के स्थानीय भाषाई तकनीक विशेषज्ञों के अलावा इस सम्मेलन में भारत और नेपाल के विभिन्न भाषा-भाषाई करीब पचास से अधिक लोग उपस्थित हुए. तीन दिवसीय इस सम्मेलन का पहला दिन सभी लोगों के लिए खुला था जबकि अगला दो दिन मोज़िला लोकलाइजेशन हैकाथन का कार्यक्रम चला जिसके लिए सहभागी ख़ास तौर पर आमंत्रित किए गए थे.

लोकलाइजेशन स्रोत भाषा से स्थानीय भाषा में किसी उत्पाद को बदलने की पूरी तकनीकी प्रक्रिया को कहा जाता है. इसके अंतर्गत मोज़िला के विभिन्न उत्पादों के लोकलाइजेशन यानी स्थानीयकरण की प्रक्रिया, उसमें सुधार और भविष्य की कार्ययोजना पर विस्तार से चर्चा हुई. पूरे कार्यक्रम का संचालन सी-डैक के तकनीकी अधिकारी चंद्रकांत धूताडमल ने किया.

उद्घाटन सत्र का आरंभ करते हुए फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के संस्थापक राजेश रंजन ने फ़्यूल प्रोजेक्ट के बारे में उपस्थित श्रोताओं को बताया. उन्होंने बताया कि महज सामुदायिक योगदान और कुछ संगठनों की मदद के बदौलत भाषाई संसाधन का यह प्रोजेक्ट दुनिया की भाषाई संसाधन जैसे तकनीकी शब्दावली, स्टाइल गाइड आदि की सबसे बड़ी खुली परियोजना बन गई है. मानक तकनीकी शब्दावली, स्टाइल गाइड, ट्रांसलेशन एसेसमेंट मैट्रिक्स सहित कई महत्वपूर्ण संसाधनों से लैस यह प्रोजेक्ट विश्वव्यापी भाषाई संदर्भ का बड़ा अभिलेख बन गया है.

गौरतलब है कि दुनिया की क़रीब 60 भाषाओं के भाषा समुदाय अभी इस परिजोयना से जुड़ी हुई है. मोज़िला के एक्सेल हेच्ट ने भारत में बढ़ रहे इंटरनेट उपयोगकर्ताओं के महत्व को रेखांकित करते हुए बताया कि मोज़िला और इसके खुले मूल्यों की उपस्थिति कितनी इनके लिए कितनी महत्वपूर्ण है. हेमा मूर्ति ने कहा कि अभी भी भाषाई कंप्यूटिंग की स्थिति काफी अच्छी नहीं हुई है और इस क्षेत्र में काफी काम होना बाकी हैं. जसजीत सिंह ने कहा कि कुछ और बड़ी कंपनियों के साथ फ़्यूल का जुड़ाव होना जरूरी है और उन कंपनियों को सामुदायिक रूप से तैयार किए गए संसाधन के महत्व को समझना चाहिए. ‘समानता के चिह्न और डिजिटल मानविकी का विकास’ विषय पर हेमचंद्रण का वक्तव्य बेहद उम्दा रहा. उन्होंने कहा कि डिजिटल मानविकी ने पारंपरिक मानविकी को हैक कर लिया है. उन्होंने कहा कि हमें महज इंटरफेस स्तरीय लोकलाइजेशन से ऊपर उठना चाहिए.

कार्यक्रम में लिब्रेऑफिस के इटालो विग्नोली, हमारा लिनक्स के विकास तारा, इतिहासकार रविकांत और जाने-माने ब्लॉगर रवि रतलामी ने भी अपना वक्तव्य दिया. भाषाई तकनीक विशेषज्ञ बिराज कर्माकर, प्रवीण ए, शुभाशीष पाणिग्रही, वीथिका मिश्रा, प्रवीण सतपुते, चंदन कुमार, राजू विंदाने सहित कई लोगों ने अपना वक्तव्य दिया. मोज़िला के एक्सेल हेच्ट, पेइंग मो और आर्की के दिशा-निर्देश में अंतिम दो दिन विभिन्न भाषाओं में काम करने वाले लोगों ने व्यापक परिचर्चा के दौरान कई विषयों पर बातें की और उपस्थित लोगों ने मोज़िला की स्वयंसेवी गतिविधियों के भविष्य की कार्ययोजना बनाई.

Read the original published by Aaj Tak on November 24, 2015.

और भी... http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/third-fuel-conference-completed-in-chennai-1-843428.html

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/openness/news/92494093893093e-92b94d92f942932-91c93f93294d91f-91594992894d92b94d930947902938-914930-92e94b91c93c93f93293e-93994891593e925928-91a94792894d928908-92e947902-93890292a92894d928

कैसे होती है इंटरनेट पर आपकी जासूसी

praskrishna — 2013-07-02T16:06:48Z

भारत में बैठे आप कब, कहां, क्या लिख रहे हैं, किससे फोन पर क्या बात कर रहे हैं, अमेरिका में बैठे अधिकारी सब देख-सुन रहे हैं. कभी सोचा है कि कैसे हो रहा है यह सब? क्या आपकी कंप्यूटर स्क्रीन उनके कंप्यूटर पर भी खुली है?

This article was published in DW on June 15, 2013. Sunil Abraham is quoted.

अमेरिकी खुफिया एजेंसियों के बड़ी इंटरनेट कंपनियों के जरिए जासूसी करने के मामले ने दुनिया भर में हलचल मचा दी है. भारत में भी नागरिक इस बात से चिंतित हैं कि ना सिर्फ अमेरिकी नागरिकों पर बल्कि भारत में रहने वाले लोगों के हर पल की खबर भी अमेरिका के हाथों में है. कैसे हो सकता है यह सब, क्या यह किसी डाक की तरह है जिसे शक होने पर अधिकारी कभी भी हाथ से खोल सकते हैं? जी नहीं, उससे भी ज्यादा.

(आपका फोन कोई और तो नहीं सुन रहा)

कैसे होती है इंटरनेट जासूसी

भारत में सेंटर फॉर इंटरनेट एंड सोसाइटी के कार्यकारी निदेशक सुनील अब्राहम ने डॉयचे वेले को बताया कि फेसबुक, गूगल और माइक्रोसॉफ्ट जैसी बड़ी कंपनियों के पास आपकी अलग अलग जानकारी होती है. समूची जानकारी को कंपनी का हर सदस्य नहीं देख सकता है. उनके पास आपकी नियमित जानकारी ही है. वे आपके मेसेज नहीं खोल सकते हैं. लेकिन जब खुफिया एजेंसी के पास आपके कंप्यूटर पर चल रहे माइक्रोसॉफ्ट प्रोसेसर से लेकर आपके गूगल, फेसबुक और दूसरे अहम अकाउंट की जानकारी होती है तो उनके पास सब कुछ होता है. वे जब चाहें आपके कंप्यूटर से खुद अपने कंप्यूटर को जोड़ कर आपकी हर हरकत का पता कर सकते हैं.

हालांकि अमेरिकी कांग्रेस द्वारा पारित कानून के अनुसार केवल जिस व्यक्ति पर शक है, उसके अकाउंट से जुड़ी जानकारी के लिए खुफिया एजेंसी को पहले अदालत से अनुमति लेनी होती है जिसके आधार पर उन्हें इंटरनेट कंपनियां सर्वर तक की पहुंच देती हैं. लेकिन अब्राहम ने बताया कि एजेंसी ने ऐसा करने के बजाए कंपनियों के साथ मिलकर एक पीछे का रास्ता निकाला है जिसके तहत उनके पास सभी के अकाउंट का ब्योरा आ गया.

भारतीयों पर भी जासूसी

अब्राहम ने बताया कि भारत में इस्तेमाल हो रहे सभी बड़े सॉफ्टवेयर और फेसबुक और गूगल जैसी सोशल नेटवर्किंग साइटें अमेरिका में रजिस्टर्ड हैं. यानि यहां जो कुछ भी हो रहा है वह सब अमेरिकी सर्वर

	से हो कर गुजर रहा है. ऐसे में उनके लिए भारत में बैठे किसी व्यक्ति के अकाउंट को खोलना और पढ़ना जरा भी मुश्किल नहीं है. जबकि भारत अमेरिकी नागरिकों के साथ ऐसा नहीं कर सकता है. इस तरह कोई भी भारतीय अकाउंट अमेरिका की नजर से छुपा नहीं है. भारत सरकार के लिए जरूरी यह भी है कि उसके बड़े अधिकारियों, सैन्य अधिकारियों और सरकारी विभागों की जानकारी के साथ ऐसा कुछ ना हो सके. भारत के विदेश मंत्रालय ने इस मामले पर आपत्ति जताते हुए अमेरिका को ऐसा करने से रोकने का दावा किया है. यह अमेरिका के हाथों भारतीयों की निजता का हनन है. अब्राहम कहते हैं कि इस बारे में दोनों सरकारों के बीच बातचीत के बाद ही नतीजे सामने आएंगे. हालांकि भारत सरकार ऐसा पूरी तरह रोक पाएगी इस पर संदेह ही है.

से हो कर गुजर रहा है. ऐसे में उनके लिए भारत में बैठे किसी व्यक्ति के अकाउंट को खोलना और पढ़ना जरा भी मुश्किल नहीं है. जबकि भारत अमेरिकी नागरिकों के साथ ऐसा नहीं कर सकता है. इस तरह कोई भी भारतीय अकाउंट अमेरिका की नजर से छुपा नहीं है.

भारत सरकार के लिए जरूरी यह भी है कि उसके बड़े अधिकारियों, सैन्य अधिकारियों और सरकारी विभागों की जानकारी के साथ ऐसा कुछ ना हो सके. भारत के विदेश मंत्रालय ने इस मामले पर आपत्ति जताते हुए अमेरिका को ऐसा करने से रोकने का दावा किया है. यह अमेरिका के हाथों भारतीयों की निजता का हनन है. अब्राहम कहते हैं कि इस बारे में दोनों सरकारों के बीच बातचीत के बाद ही नतीजे सामने आएंगे. हालांकि भारत सरकार ऐसा पूरी तरह रोक पाएगी इस पर संदेह ही है.

(किसने खोला राज)

सभी देश कर रहे हैं जासूसी

सुनील अब्राहम ने बताया कि थोड़ी बहुत इंटरनेट जासूसी सभी देशों की सरकार करती है. यह देश की सुरक्षा के लिए अहम भी है. लेकिन यह कम से कम स्तर तक ही होनी चाहिए. उनका मानना है कि वर्तमान हालात के दौरान हर देश ज्यादा से ज्यादा जानकारी का भूखा होता जा रहा है. ऐसे में निजता का क्या अर्थ है वह भी मिटता जा रहा है. लेकिन ऐसे में भी अमेरिका का भारतीयों पर जासूसी करना सही नहीं है.

इसके लिए जरूरी यह है कि भारत सरकार अपने नागरिकों को इंटरनेट पर अपनी निजता बनाए रखने के तरीकों से अवगत कराए. लेकिन यह इसलिए संभव नहीं हो सकता है, क्योंकि फिर लोगों के बारे में जरूरत पड़ने पर खुद भारत सरकार जासूसी नहीं कर पाएगी.

अब्राहम ने बताया कि ऐसी स्थिति में आईक्लाउड और एयर एंड्रॉयड जैसे सॉफ्टवेयर का इस्तेमाल भी सुरक्षित नहीं है. वह और उनके जैसे दूसरे इंटरनेट एक्सपर्ट और कार्यकर्ता लोगों से अपील करते आए हैं कि वे इन सॉफ्टवेयर का इस्तेमाल अपनी निजी जानकारी को संचित करने के लिए ना करें.

सुनील अब्राहम ने कहा कि यह तो बस शुरुआत है. ऐसा नहीं है कि ये मामले यहीं थम जाएंगे. आगे आने वाले समय में हम इस तरह की जासूसी और जानकारी लीक हो जाने की और बातें सुनें तो हैरान नहीं होना चाहिए. हमारे पास अभी तक ऐसा सिस्टम नहीं है जो निजता को पूरी तरह सुरक्षित रखने के लिए आश्वस्त कर सके.

रिपोर्ट: समरा फातिमा
संपादन: महेश झा

For more details visit http://editors.cis-india.org/news/dw-june-15-report-on-internet-surveillance