The Centre for Internet and Society
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Investigating TLS blocking in India
http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/investigating-tls-blocking-in-india
<b>A study into Transport Layer Security (TLS)-based blocking by three popular Indian ISPs: ACT Fibernet, Bharti Airtel and Reliance Jio.</b>
<p> </p>
<p>Gurshabad Grover and Kushgra Singh collaborated with Simone Basso (OONI) to investigate TLS-based blocking in India. The research report was published on <a class="external-link" href="https://ooni.org/post/2020-tls-blocking-india/">OONI's blog</a>. It was edited and reviewed by Maria Xynou and Arturo Filastò.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Summary</h2>
<p>This report investigates Transport Layer Security
(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security">TLS</a>)-based
blocking in India. <a href="https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/reliance-jio-is-using-sni-inspection-to-block-websites">Previous
research</a>
by the <a href="https://cis-india.org/">Centre for Internet &
Society, India</a> (CIS) has already
exposed TLS blocking based on the value of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication">SNI
field</a>.
OONI has also <a href="https://ooni.org/post/2020-iran-sni-blocking/">implemented and started
testing</a>
SNI-based TLS blocking measurements.</p>
<p>Recently, the Magma Project
<a href="https://blog.magma.lavafeld.org/post/women-on-web-blocking/">documented</a>
cases where CIS India and OONI’s methodologies could be improved. They
specifically found that blocking sometimes appears to depend not only on
the value of the SNI field but also on the address of the web server
being used. These findings were later confirmed by OONI measurements in
<a href="https://ooni.org/post/2020-engine-evaluation-spain">Spain</a>
and <a href="https://ooni.org/post/2020-iran-dot/">Iran</a> through
the use of an extended measurement methodology.</p>
<p>We were therefore curious to see whether such an extended methodology
would discover further cases of TLS blocking in India. To answer this
research question we ran experiments on the networks of three popular
Indian Internet Service Providers (ISPs) (<a href="https://ipinfo.io/AS24309">ACT
Fibernet</a>, <a href="https://ipinfo.io/AS45609">Bharti
Airtel</a>, and <a href="https://ipinfo.io/AS55836">Reliance
Jio</a>) which account for <a href="https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PIR_08012020_0.pdf">over
70% of the internet subscribers in
India</a>.</p>
<p>We recorded SNI-based blocking on both Bharti Airtel and Reliance Jio.
We also discovered that Reliance Jio blocks TLS traffic not just based
on the SNI value, but also on the web server involved with the TLS
handshake. Moreover, we noticed that ACT Fibernet’s DNS resolver directs
users towards servers owned by ACT Fibernet itself. Such servers caused
the TLS handshake to fail, but the root cause of censorship was the DNS.</p>
<p>We also document that one of the endpoints we tested,
<code>collegehumor.com:443</code>, does not allow establishing TCP connection from
several vantage points and control measurements. Yet, in Reliance Jio,
we see cases where the connections to such endpoints complete
successfully and a timeout occurs during the TLS handshake. We believe
this is caused by some kind of proxy that terminates the TCP connection
and performs the TLS handshake.</p>
<hr />
<p>Read the full research report on <a class="external-link" href="https://ooni.org/post/2020-tls-blocking-india/">OONI's blog</a>.</p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/investigating-tls-blocking-in-india'>http://editors.cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/investigating-tls-blocking-in-india</a>
</p>
No publisherSimone Basso, Gurshabad Grover and Kushagra SinghProtocolsInternet GovernanceCensorship2020-07-09T01:23:43ZBlog EntryRAW Lectures #02: Anil Menon on 'Speculative Fiction and Freedom' - Video
http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon-video
<b>Anil Menon spoke on 'Undermining the Tyrant’s Protocols: Speculative Fiction and Freedom' at the second event of the RAW Lectures series in Bangalore on January 13, 2016. Here is the video recording of the talk and the discussion that followed.</b>
<p> </p>
<iframe src="https://archive.org/embed/CISRAWLectureSeriesIIAnilMenon" frameborder="0" height="480" width="640"></iframe>
<p> </p>
<h2>RAW Lectures</h2>
<p>The Researchers at Work programme initiated the RAW Lectures series to take stock, reflect, and chart courses into the studies of Internet in/from India. The lectures address the experiences and practices of Internet in India as plural and intertwined with longer-duration processes. The lectures also critically respond to the questions around the methods of studying Internet in/from India, and the opportunities and challenges of studying Indian society on/through the Internet.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Lecture #02 - Undermining the Tyrant’s Protocols: Speculative Fiction and Freedom</h2>
<p><a href="http://anilmenon.com/" target="_blank">Anil Menon</a>’s research work has appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as <em>Intl J. of Neural Networks</em>, <em>Neural Proc. Letters</em>, <em>IEEE Trans On Evolutionary Computation</em>, <em>Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</em>, <em>British J. of the History of Science</em>, and <em>Small Business Economics</em>. His short fiction has appeared in a variety of magazines and anthologies including <em>Interzone</em>, <em>Interfictions</em>, <em>Strange Horizons</em>, <em>Jaggery Lit Review</em>, and <em>Lady Churchill’s Rosebud Wristlet</em>. His stories have been translated into German, French, Chinese, Romanian and Hebrew. His debut novel <em>The Beast With Nine Billion Feet</em> (Zubaan Books, 2010) was short-listed for the 2010 Vodafone-Crossword award and the Carl Brandon Society's 2011 Parallax Award. Along with Vandana Singh, he co-edited <em>Breaking the Bow</em> (Zubaan Books 2012), an international anthology of speculative fiction inspired by the Ramayana epic. His most recent work is the novel <em>Half Of What I Say</em> (Bloomsbury, 2015).</p>
<p><strong>More:</strong> <a href="http://cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon" target="_blank">http://cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon</a>.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Download</h2>
<p><strong>Video:</strong> <a href="https://archive.org/download/CISRAWLectureSeriesIIAnilMenon/CIS%20RAW%20Lecture%20Series%20-%20II%20(Anil%20Menon).mp4" target="_blank">MP4</a>, <a href="https://archive.org/download/CISRAWLectureSeriesIIAnilMenon/CIS%20RAW%20Lecture%20Series%20-%20II%20(Anil%20Menon).ogv" target="_blank">OGG</a>, and <a href="https://archive.org/download/CISRAWLectureSeriesIIAnilMenon/CISRAWLectureSeriesIIAnilMenon_archive.torrent" target="_blank">Torrent</a>.</p>
<p>The video is shared under Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> license.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon-video'>http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon-video</a>
</p>
No publishersneha-ppLearningRAW LecturesResearchers at WorkEventProtocols2016-02-09T08:38:19ZBlog EntryRAW Lectures #02: Anil Menon on 'Undermining the Tyrant’s Protocols: Speculative Fiction and Freedom'
http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon
<b>Anil Menon will give a talk on 'Undermining the Tyrant’s Protocols: Speculative Fiction and Freedom' at the Centre for Internet and Society's office in Bangalore on Wednesday, January 13, 2016 at 6 pm. Please join us for tea and coffee before the lecture at 5.30 pm.</b>
<p> </p>
<h4>Update: The video recording of the lecture can be accessed <a href="http://cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon-video">here</a>.</h4>
<p> </p>
<p>The RAW Lectures series was initiated by the Researchers at Work (RAW) programme to take stock, reflect, and chart courses into the studies of Internet in/from India. The lectures address the experiences and practices of Internet in India as plural and intertwined with longer-duration processes. The lectures also critically respond to the questions around the methods of studying Internet in/from India, and the opportunities and challenges of studying Indian society on/through the Internet.</p>
<p>It gives us great pleasure to announce that Anil Menon will present the second lecture of the series on Wednesday, January 13, 2016, at 6 pm.</p>
<p> </p>
<img src="raw-lectures-02-anil-menon/leadImage" alt="RAW Lectures #02 - Anil Menon - Poster" height="423" width="300" />
<p> </p>
<h3>Undermining the Tyrant’s Protocols: Speculative Fiction and Freedom</h3>
<p>Story-telling, like the internet, depends on the existence of fixed protocols between the sender and the receiver. However, by manipulating ambiguity and contexts, speculative fiction constantly creates new and ever-changing protocols of reading. This makes it hard to define what exactly speculative fiction is. Spec-fic may be described as a catch-all term to describe genres such as magic-realism, fabulist fiction, slipstream, science-fiction, fantasy and various fusions thereof. In my talk, I will outline the history of spec-fic on the subcontinent, and show how it was used by authors such as Kylas Chundar Dutt to undermine imperialist narratives. In the last decade, the internet, which may be conceived as a speculative network, has emerged as another such tool. Internet access in India is growing at an extraordinary rate, but less well-known is the fact that Indian spec-fic is also undergoing a rather remarkable renaissance. I will show that these two threads of development are related, mutually reinforcing, and point to an interesting metaphor of speculative sovereignity, perhaps unique to India, and that serves to undermine any would-be tyrant’s protocols.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3>Anil Menon</h3>
<p>Anil Menon’s research work has appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as <em>Intl J. of Neural Networks</em>, <em>Neural Proc. Letters</em>, <em>IEEE Trans On Evolutionary Computation</em>, <em>Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</em>, <em>British J. of the History of Science</em>, and <em>Small Business Economics</em>. His short fiction has appeared in a variety of magazines and anthologies including <em>Interzone</em>, <em>Interfictions</em>, <em>Strange Horizons</em>, <em>Jaggery Lit Review</em>, and <em>Lady Churchill’s Rosebud Wristlet</em>. His stories have been translated into German, French, Chinese, Romanian and Hebrew. His debut novel <em>The Beast With Nine Billion Feet</em> (Zubaan Books, 2010) was short-listed for the 2010 Vodafone-Crossword award and the Carl Brandon Society's 2011 Parallax Award. Along with Vandana Singh, he co-edited <em>Breaking the Bow</em> (Zubaan Books 2012), an international anthology of speculative fiction inspired by the Ramayana epic. His most recent work is the novel <em>Half Of What I Say</em> (Bloomsbury, 2015).</p>
<p>Website: <a href="http://anilmenon.com/">http://anilmenon.com/</a>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>
For more details visit <a href='http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon'>http://editors.cis-india.org/raw/raw-lectures-02-anil-menon</a>
</p>
No publishersumandroLearningRAW LecturesResearchers at WorkEventProtocols2016-02-09T08:43:57ZEvent